The development level of welding technology is one of the symbols of a country's mechanical manufacturing and scientific and technological development level. The current development trend of welding technology has the following characteristics:
(1) As new welding materials and structures continue to emerge, new welding processes need to be developed.
(2) Improve common welding methods, improve the mechanization and automation level of the welding process, and improve welding quality and productivity.
(3) Using electronic computers to control the welding process, and vigorously promote welding robots and welding centers.
(4) Development of special sets of welding equipment.
Here are some of the most mature new welding techniques:
First, ultrasonic welding
[Ultrasonic welding] refers to a pressure welding method that uses local high-frequency oscillation of ultrasonic waves to locally heat and surface clean the workpiece joints, and then apply pressure to achieve welding. When ultrasonic welding is performed, the surface of the weldment is not deformed, the surface is not strictly cleaned, and the welding quality is high. Ultrasonic welding is suitable for welding workpieces with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. Currently widely used in the radio, instrumentation, precision machinery and aviation industries.
Second, explosive welding
[Explosive welding] is a kind of pressure welding method that uses the impact force generated by the explosive explosion to cause rapid collision of the workpiece and realize the connection of the workpiece. Explosive welding has high quality and simple operation. Explosive welding mainly uses GF to produce composite materials. The fuel tank of the American "Apollo" moon landing spacecraft is made of titanium plate, and its connection with stainless steel pipe adopts the explosion welding method.
Third, plasma arc welding
[Plasma arc welding] is a method of obtaining a plasma arc with a higher energy density by means of a water-cooling nozzle to restrain the arc. The plasma arc energy is easy to control, the energy density is large, the penetration ability is strong, the welding quality is high, the productivity is high, and the weld seam has a large aspect ratio. However, its torch structure is complex and requires high control system. Plasma arc welding is widely used in the welding of copper alloys, titanium alloys, alloy steels and other metals used in advanced technologies such as aerospace.
Fourth, diffusion welding
[Diffusion welding] refers to a solid-state welding method in which a workpiece is pressurized at a high temperature without causing visible deformation and relative movement. The characteristics of diffusion welding are high quality of welded joints and small deformation of weldments. It can weld the same kind and dissimilar metal materials, especially materials that are not suitable for welding, and can also be used for welding between metal and non-metal. It is a large piece with uniform mechanical properties and complex shapes to replace integral forging and machining.
Five, laser welding
[Laser welding] refers to a method of welding by the focused laser beam to bombard the heat generated by the weldment. The utility model has the advantages that the energy density is high and the welding speed is fast; the weld seam can be extremely narrow and small, the deformation is small; the flexibility is large, and the joint which is difficult to be accessed by the general welding method or the joint which cannot be placed and the long-distance welding can be realized. Multi-purpose instrument
Welding of special materials in ultra-small components and space technology in the microelectronics industry. In addition, the laser can also be used to cut a variety of metal and non-metallic materials.
Sixth, magnetic pulse welding
[Magnetic pulse welding] refers to a welding method that realizes the connection between metals by the result of the interaction of the pulsed magnetic field between the workpieces being welded. The working principle is similar to that of the explosion welding, and is suitable for welding thin-walled pipes and dissimilar metals.
Seven, electron beam welding
[Electron beam welding] refers to a method of welding by using an accelerated and focused electron beam to bombard the heat generated by a weldment placed in a vacuum or non-vacuum. The welding characteristics are: high energy utilization rate, high speed, narrow and deep weld seam, small welding deformation, pure weld metal, high welding quality, but complicated welding equipment, high cost, high technical requirements for use and maintenance. It is increasingly used in cutting-edge technologies such as atomic energy and aerospace.
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