The global manufacturing industry dominated by Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS) has entered an era of integration, networking, and intelligence. As a manufacturing power, China's key to improving manufacturing technology and competitiveness is new technologies and processes. Promotion and application. In particular, advanced manufacturing technology is the latest achievement in the traditional manufacturing industry to continuously absorb the modern management technology of machinery, information and materials, and integrates it into the whole process of product development and design, manufacturing, testing, management and after-sales service. .
At present, the global manufacturing industry dominated by computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) has entered an era of integration, networking, and intelligence. As a manufacturing power, China's key to improving manufacturing technology and competitiveness is new technology. The promotion and application of new processes. In particular, advanced manufacturing technology is the latest achievement in the traditional manufacturing industry to continuously absorb the modern management technology of machinery, information and materials, and integrates it into the whole process of product development and design, manufacturing, testing, management and after-sales service. .
Here, five key technologies in the field of advanced manufacturing, including flexible manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, agile manufacturing, industrial robots and green manufacturing, were selected, and their latest research results and application examples were analyzed.
Flexible manufacturing
The definition of flexible manufacturing has not formed a unified understanding. However, in any case, its main feature is to rely on highly flexible manufacturing equipment based on computer numerical control machine tools to achieve multi-variety and small batch production. The general trend is: production lines are getting shorter and shorter, more and more concise, equipment investment is less and less; intermediate stocks are getting less and less, site utilization is getting higher and higher; production cycle is getting shorter and shorter, delivery speed is coming The faster the loss, the lesser the loss, the higher the efficiency.
Achieving flexible manufacturing can greatly reduce production costs and strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises. In order to survive and develop in a brutal competition, companies must study some low-cost and fast-reacting manufacturing methods. Flexible manufacturing is the general term for these methods. Therefore, flexible manufacturing is not a manufacturing method, but flexible manufacturing is a manufacturing concept.
From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, developed countries such as the United States, Japan, the former Soviet Union, and Germany successively developed flexible manufacturing technologies and equipment. In 1976, the flexible manufacturing unit exhibited by Fanuc Corporation of Japan provided the equipment foundation for the development of flexible manufacturing. In the 1980s, with the maturity of flexible manufacturing technology, flexible manufacturing has developed rapidly and is mainly used in aircraft and automobile manufacturing.
Taking the automobile manufacturing industry as an example, relying on flexible automatic processing systems consisting of computers, machining centers and CNC machine tools, the previous single-variety and large-volume production methods have been shifted to small and medium-sized batches, multi-variety, and lean production methods that meet market requirements. The economic benefits and management level of production enterprises have been greatly improved.
In the foreign auto industry, major automakers such as GM, Ford, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz have adopted flexible manufacturing systems. For example, the Japanese auto industry began to develop flexible manufacturing in the 1970s. By 1987, it had formed a large scale, with more than 20,000 CNC machine tools and 21 flexible manufacturing lines. Flexible manufacturing has created conditions for the Japanese auto industry to catch up with and surpass the US.
China's domestic automobile manufacturing industry also tried flexible manufacturing earlier in some process and product manufacturing. For example, the first automobile group uses a variety of robots in the welding shop, and the number of robots and other automation equipment is increasing in the production process. To a certain extent, multi-variety mixed-line production can be realized; Shanghai General Motors' flexible production line covers each The manufacturing process of the big assembly and the whole vehicle has improved the speed of product replacement.
With the advent of various advanced processing technologies, flexible manufacturing technology itself is constantly improving and improving. For example, a Swiss company uses a flexible manufacturing unit consisting of a laser machining center and a CNC automatic lathe and automatic grinding machine. This unit has replaced the original milling machine with a laser machining center. The productivity has been improved many times, and the product has high precision and good quality. . The continuous advancement of various related technologies has led to the continuous expansion of flexible manufacturing scale, which will have a profound impact on the manufacturing industry.
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