The freezing and thawing phenomenon mainly occurs in places where the weather is relatively cold near the north. When the pores of the stone absorb enough water, once the temperature drops below 00C, the water in the stone begins to freeze and the volume expands. When the expansion force of the ice block is greater than the structural force of the stone, the stone will be broken. This is the phenomenon of freezing and thawing.
Generally speaking, substances are subject to the law of "thermal expansion and contraction", and water is just the opposite. The density of water is greatest at 4 ° C, and water molecules operate independently in fluidity. The water is cooled from 4 ° C to 0 ° C. The water molecules in the ice are arranged in a three-dimensional pattern into an unusually loose form. This structure actually leaves a lot of "voids" and the density is reduced. Experiments have shown that when 1M3 of water is formed into ice, its volume will increase to 1.11M3. Therefore, when the water enters the pores or gaps of the stone, it will freeze and freeze, and the volume will increase, thereby expanding the pores or gaps of the stone. Then, the stone inhales more water, and the pores or gaps are further swollen, so the viciousness is followed, and finally Caused the fragmentation of the stone.
Second, the prevention of freezing and thawing
Since the main factor caused by freezing and thawing is water, we can prevent freezing and thawing by stopping the water from entering the stone. Therefore, we only need to use stone curing agent to protect the stone.
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