Scientific fertilization is the comprehensive application of modern agricultural scientific and technological achievements. According to different soil fertility, the characteristics of different crops, and their different needs for nutrients in different growth stages (growth, flowering, fruiting, fruit growth) With proper fertilizer and dosage, it can truly achieve balanced fertilization, increase crop yield and improve the quality of agricultural products. Therefore, the “five songs†in the fertilization process have become an important measure for the specific application of scientific fertilization technology.
Pursue a goal
Achieving the overall goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety†is not only the ideal effect pursued by scientific fertilization, but also the fundamental requirement for the development of modern agriculture.
Change two concepts
(1) The more the fertilizer is used, the better the concept. Fertilizer should be based on the principle of “appropriate, moderate and appropriateâ€, which exceeds certain limits and may cause negative effects.
(2) The higher the fertilizer nutrient, the better the concept. Nutrients are essential nutrients for crop growth. The amount of nutrients in crops depends on the fertilizer utilization rate (quarter utilization and cumulative utilization), not the level of fertilizer nutrients. Therefore, in the process of purchasing and fertilizing, products with high fertilizer utilization under the same conditions should be listed as the first choice, rather than products with high nutrient content.
Follow three rules
(1) Minimum nutrient law. The amount of essential nutrients required by plants is small, and the effective nutrients that determine the yield are the most needed in the soil and the least in the soil. High yields can only be achieved by supplementing the minimum nutrients in a targeted manner. The minimum nutrients vary with conditions such as crop yield and fertilization levels.
(2) The law of diminishing returns. Under the condition that other technical conditions are relatively stable, the plant yield increases with the increase of fertilizer application amount within a certain range of fertilizer application, but the increase of yield per unit fertilizer application shows a decreasing trend. If the amount of fertilizer applied exceeds a certain limit, it will no longer increase production, and even cause a reduction in production.
(3) The comprehensive action law of factors. Plant growth is restricted by various factors such as water, nutrients, light, temperature, air, variety, soil and farming conditions. Fertilization is only one of the measures to increase plant yield, and it should be combined with other stimulation measures to achieve better results.
Adhere to the four principles
(1) The combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers have low nutrient content and slow release. They should be used in combination with inorganic quick-acting fertilizers. They should complement each other in length and speed, and give full play to their benefits, so as to achieve the purpose of combining land use and land reclamation.
(2) A large number of elements are combined with medium-quantity elements and trace elements. Each of the essential elements has its own specific physiological functions, which are equally important and irreplaceable.
(3) Combination of base fertilizer and top dressing; base fertilizer, also known as base fertilizer, should be applied to the soil before or before the planting of the crop, the role of which is to supply the nutrients needed for the whole growth period of the crop; the top dressing should be based on the crop during the crop growth process. Nutrients need to be applied additionally, the role of which is to supply a large amount of nutrients for a certain period of crops, or to supplement the lack of nutrients in the base fertilizer. Therefore, the combination of base fertilizer and topdressing can meet the nutrient demand of crops in different growth stages.
(4) Combining fertilization with other measures. Whether crops can meet the requirements of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, environmental protection and ecologyâ€, fertilization is only one of the important links. In order to achieve the target requirements, it must be organically combined with good methods, effective irrigation, and field management. Get the desired results.
Choose five fats
(1) Quick-acting type. A fertilizer that can release nutrients for rapid absorption and utilization by plants in a short period of time, called quick-acting fertilizer. Such as: various fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen.
(2) Medium-effect type. A fertilizer that releases nutrients for plant absorption and utilization over a period of time, called medium-effect fertilizer. Such as: traditional monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and sulfur coated urea and other fertilizers.
(3) Long-acting type. A fertilizer that can slowly release nutrients for a period of time for plants to continuously absorb and use, called long-acting fertilizer. For example, a urea fertilizer inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, a stable fertilizer, or a urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, and a resin-coated slow-release fertilizer.
(iv) Special effects. Fertilizers that can solve a certain type of problem (resistance to disease, drought, pests and diseases, anti-heavy, fixed or release of inorganic nutrients) are called special effects fertilizers. Such as: fertilizer containing beneficial microorganisms such as rhizobia, silicate, and bacillus.
(5) Synergistic type. A fertilizer that promotes crop growth or improves the quality of agricultural products is called a synergistic fertilizer. Such as: various fertilizers containing humic acid, amino acids, fertilizers containing polypeptide metalloproteinases and fertilizers containing beneficial elements such as silicon, selenium and nickel.
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