In general, feeding in the piglet stage has a great relationship with its future growth performance. The weight of weaned piglets is not only directly related to the rate of fattening in the future, but also affects the fattening quality of finishing pigs. Piglets are weak and vulnerable to disease, death or malnutrition. The feeding work in the lactation stage is complicated and complicated; the salivary amylase, sucrase, maltase and pepsin activities are very low at birth, and the nerve and body fluid regulation are not Completely established, gastric acid secretion is late, and the speed of food emptying through the stomach is also very fast. For these reasons, the digestive function of piglets is very imperfect, and there should be high-quality piglets to be adapted to them, otherwise it will easily cause indigestion in piglets.
So what kind of suckling pig is a good quality piglet? The author believes that high-quality suckling pigs should have good palatability, piglets love to eat and not squat, low feed and meat ratio, fast growth, good solution to weaning stress, good adaptability to the development needs of scale farms, feeding A piglet that is economically convenient and can withstand market tests and has a large sales volume is a good piglet. It not only requires a good scientific formula but also a good and sophisticated processing technology, and the formulation is the means of processing. How to turn a good scientific formula into a quality product is determined by the processing technology, so once the formula is determined, the processing technology is the key. Reasonable formula, high-quality raw materials, only in the reliable processing equipment and scientific process can produce high-quality feed.
The main ingredients of the suckling pig feed are cereal starch (corn) and detoxified soy protein. The main purpose of processing is to sterilize and to gelatinize the starch. These are not difficult to achieve, the key is how to rationally configure the processing equipment and processing technology, in order to maximize the starch gelatinization of the suckling pigs while minimizing the loss of other nutrients, and maximize the maximum Production capacity, reducing the power consumption per unit of production, thereby reducing processing costs. This article makes a brief discussion on the key processes and equipment selection in the processing of suckling pigs.
1 Previous processing technology and existing problems of suckling pigs
In the past production of suckling pig feed, the corn was crushed and directly mixed with other materials to be processed into a batch or granulation (or processed into a pot by a puffing machine). The main problems in this production process are that there is no ripening or low degree of gelatinization (degree of ripening), and the digestibility of piglets after feeding is low, which affects the breeding efficiency. Second, the temperature inconvenience is too high in the curing process because of various additives. It has been added, and the high temperature will have an adverse effect on certain additives. If the temperature is low, the degree of ripening cannot be improved, so it is difficult to produce high-grade feed. Even if the final use of the extruder for maturation processing can only use the ring gap discharge method (the past production process basically adopts this method), the sheet material (pot material) is produced, and then crushed and sieved. However, the so-called "pots and materials" produced by such processing technology also have the fatal weakness of low maturity, low digestion and absorption rate, and low meat-to-meat ratio. At present, this material has a tendency to be eliminated by the market.
2 The latest processing technology
Since 2003, people of insight in the feed industry have begun to experiment with new sucking pig processing and have achieved great success. This new process is: corn → pulverization → puffing → cooling → pulverization → (mixing with other ingredients) → granulation → cooling → metering packaging. The biggest advantage of this process for processing suckling pigs is that the starch gelatinization (maturation) is high, the digestibility of piglets after feeding is high, no adverse effects on other additives, and the formulation adjustment is convenient, which greatly improves the production of high-grade suckling pigs. Feasibility of the material.
2.1 Crushing process
At present, the quality of the crusher produced by the well-known large-scale feed machinery manufacturers in China is good. When purchasing, it is only necessary to select the model that matches the subsequent production capacity. Generally, Ñ„ 2 - Ñ„2.5 can be selected for the sieve mesh hole. The small energy consumption of the mesh hole is uneconomical, and the mesh hole is large and does not meet the processing requirements of the milk pig material. The feeding device of the pulverizer (the pulverizer is generally not shipped with the device) is very important. For small feed mills that are not highly automated, manual gates are often used to control feed volume. Large-scale feed mills often use impeller-type or spiral-type automatic control feeders, and their rotational speeds are adjustable to change the rotational speed and thus change the feed amount. The more advanced control method is to use a negative feedback circuit to control the feed amount of the feeder through the current of the pulverizer. Most of the discharging methods of the pulverizer adopt a spiral conveying method and a vacuum suction method. Generally, a pulse dust collector is arranged, which is placed at the opposite end of the outlet of the auger, and has both functions of dust removal and suction. This method not only ensures the dust removal of the pulverizing system, but also reduces the energy consumption of the pulverizer. A good suction system can increase the output of the mill by about 20%. The amount of suction is generally determined by the sieve speed of the pulverizer, and is generally 2 m/s to 2.5 m/s. When selecting a screw conveyor, its conveying capacity should be more than 10% larger than the mill output. The raw corn is pulverized and then put into the warehouse, and the next processing step - puffing processing. In the process design, it should be noted that the material can flow smoothly to the extruder, and the material cannot be broken during the expansion process.
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