Japan's Daicel-Evonik (Headquarters: Tokyo) announced on August 19, 2014 that it will launch a polyamide (PA12) for solar battery backplanes in Japan. It is characterized by its chemical resistance, moisture resistance, and heat resistance; because it can pass through acetic acid, it can reduce the amount of acetic acid used in the sealing material; it does not emit toxic gases when a fire occurs. Solar cell backsheets often use fluorine-based resins, but they will release fluorine compounds to the environment after they are discarded. Therefore, Daicel-Evonik stated that "PAs have been used instead of fluorine-based resins in foreign countries."
Figure: "VESTAMID" particles that can be used for solar cell backsheets
The new PA12 product name is "VESTAMID". There are two types of particulate "BS1231" used for the manufacture of co-extruded plates and film-shaped "PF-25", both having the above properties. Daicel-Evonik will exhibit this product at the second (Kansai) solar battery exhibition (3/5/2014, INTEX Osaka).
Lap Joint Flanges (LJ Flanges) are used on piping fitted with lapped pipe or with lap joint stub ends the combined initial cost of the two items being approximately one-third higher than that of comparable Welding Neck Flanges.
Lap joint flange is having two components, a stub end, and a loose backing flange. Stub end is butt welded to the pipe and Backing flange freely move over the pipe. The backing flange can be of different material than stub material and normally of the carbon steel to save the cost. Lap flange is used where frequent dismantling is required, and space is constrained.
Furthermore, a standard lap joint flange will typically have a longer hub length in comparison to a slip on flange, but this is often considered unnecessary for many applications.
The lap joint flange is practically identical to a slip-on flange except it has a radius at the intersection of the bore and flange face.
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