According to the Scientific Daily, in recent years, researchers have made great progress in designing and creating biological circuits. Biological circuits, like electronic circuits, can combine a series of different inputs to produce a specific output. However, while individual components in such biological circuits can have an accurate and predictable response, when these component elements are combined, the resulting results are less predictable.
Researchers have made great progress in designing and creating biological circuits
Now a team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States has proposed a method to greatly reduce the uncertainty. They have introduced a device that can finally achieve a reliable prediction of biological circuits, just like the prediction of individual components. . The study led by Domitilla Del Vecchio, an associate professor of mechanical engineering, and Ron Weiss, a professor of bioengineering, was published this week in the journal Nature Natural Science. on. The lead author of the article is Deepak Mishra, a postgraduate in bioengineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Other co-authors include Phillip Rivera, master of mechanical engineering, and Allen, a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science. Lin).
There are many potential uses for such synthetic biological circuits, explains Dell Viglio and Weiss. “One of the applications we are currently studying is biosensing — cells that can detect specific molecules in the environment and respond to produce specific outputs,†explains Del Vicchio. A specific example is that cells can detect markers that suggest the presence of cancer cells and then trigger the release of molecules that kill these cells.
It is important that such biological circuits accurately distinguish between cancer cells and non-cancerous cells in order to prevent them from "injury and innocence," Wise explained. In order to achieve this goal, the use of biological elements within cells to produce reliable information processing circuits has become "extremely critical."
Until now, this reliable predictive biological circuit has not yet been realized, in part because of the feedback effect that results when multiple biological circuits are introduced. In the electronic circuit, when a component is connected to another component through a wire, the information always flows in a specific direction, but the biological circuit is different. Its components are floating freely in the very complex liquid environment inside the cell. .
Information flow is driven by chemical reactions between individual components. Ideally, this reaction will only affect specific components. However, in reality, attempts to create such biological connections will always produce other results that are not in line with expectations. "If you form a loop and look forward to the result of X, but in fact you get Y, there is a problem." Said Dell Viggio.
To solve this problem, the research team created a device called load-driver. Its effect is similar to the load-driver used in the electronic circuit: it will provide some buffer between the signal and the output, thus preventing the system from taking backup. Signal interference and output delay.
Although this research is still in its early stages, it may take several years to realize commercial applications, but this concept may have a wide range of applications. For example, it can facilitate the development of a synthetic biological circuit that continuously measures the glucose level in the blood of diabetic patients, automatically triggering the release of insulin when needed.
Dell Vigeo said that the extra introduction of load-driven “increase in the complexity of the design of the loop†in the design of bio-loops, in order to ensure that the manipulation is "reliable and predictable," open up new areas of application. James Collins, a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Boston in the United States, said: "In synthetic biology, trying to create complex genetic circuits is often hindered by unpredictable interactions between the submodules and the undefined interactions between loop submodules. The interactions will change the input-output characteristics of the sub-modules, resulting in undesirable loop characteristics.†Colin did not participate in this study. “Darvio Vizio and Weiss have made significant progress in this area, and they have created a genetic device that can explain and correct such interactions to achieve predictable loop characteristics.â€
The study was funded by the Energy Research Fellowship of the Enimah Polytechnic Institute, the National Science Foundation, the United States Army Research Office, the U.S. Air Force Scientific Research Department, and the National Institutes of Health.
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