GOJIAJU TOMS Furniture tells you the Dong people's architectural skills in all aspects
Dong people are born artists,
The construction skills of folk craftsmen are superb.
They do n’t need a drawing when they build buildings, bridges and houses,
The whole structure is familiar with the heart,
With a simple bamboo stick as a ruler,
Rely on the unique "Mo Shiwen" to mark the design,
Use ordinary carpenter tools and wood to create different styles,
The beautifully designed buildings and bridges are ingeniously designed.
The beauty of the shape is breathtaking.
The various patterns and carved beams on the buildings and bridges entrust the Dong people's desire for beautiful weather and aesthetic pursuit, which is a concentrated expression of the Dong's cultural characteristics.
The skill of Dong's wooden construction is the most outstanding form of traditional folk culture in Sanjiang County, Guangxi. The wooden architecture of the Dong people in Sanjiang is represented by Fengyu Bridge and Drum Tower, which is not only beautiful in appearance but also unique in craftsmanship. The whole building is chiseled and tenoned, the beams are connected to the arches, and the columns are not connected with an iron nail. They are all connected with tenons and mortises. The structure is firm and the joints are meticulous. They have extremely high craftsmanship and artistic value.
During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the ancestors of the Dong nationality "relying on the building blocks of trees and taking the top of them, called Ganlan", gradually formed wooden building techniques. In the construction of Dong villages, there are some of the most basic components: Drum Tower, Satang (Grandmother ’s Temple), Stage, Folk House, He Hang, He Cang, Zhaimen, Pavilion, Fengyu Bridge, and Geping in front of Gulou. These ten pieces have actually constituted a complete complex of Dong villages in a community, and the most important ones are, of course, Gulou, residential houses, Satang, and Fengyu Bridge.
Drum Tower is the center of a Zhaizi. Near the Drum Tower are Geping, Xitai and Satang. These four parts form the core circle of Dongzhai. Closely around the Gulou is the residential area of ​​the house, and the outer circle is the Hefan and Hecang, followed by the Zhaimen, the pavilion, and the Fengyu Bridge.
The Dong artisans are all local folk artisans of the Dong nationality, and the Dongs are called "zi craftsmen". When designing drum towers, wind and rain bridges, and residential houses, the tools they rely on are just a traditional ruler, called a "smith bar". The "craftsman pole" is temporarily made of a piece of bamboo, the length of which is equivalent to the length of the pillar in the house. The green skin is scraped off, and the length and size of the pillars, melons, beams, purlins, and arches of a building are measured with a ruler, bamboo pen, and chisel. The picture is engraved on it, and it can be used horizontally and vertically.
Traditional Dong artisans also use a set of architectural symbols handed down from generation to generation. There are generally 26 symbols, but only 13 are commonly used. These symbols that are like Chinese characters but not Chinese characters can only be understood by Dong artisans. They are engraved on "craftsman poles" and architectural components. This kind of Dong's native architecture tool is indeed a simple and easy-to-use tool. Although simple, it has a magical effect.
The Zhaimen of the Dong nationality is a "well-dried" wooden structure, which the Dongs call it "present". Generally, the Dongzhai villages of dozens to hundreds of houses have relatively simple gates and are not tall, about 1.6 meters wide and about 3 meters high. The larger Zhaizi should build the Zhaimen bigger, and the decoration should be more particular. The village gates in Dong Township are similar in form and different in style. Zhaimen is divided into three gates: front, left, and right, or four gates: front, back, left, and right. It depends on the size of the village and the number of passages.
In an open environment on all sides, the Dong Family's Zhaimen does not actually have any defensive function. From the perspective of feng shui, Zhaimen has the function of running through the dragon's veins and ventilating air. In addition, the more important function of the Zhaimen of the Dong family is its ritual function. The Zhaimen is a very cultural for the Dong family Special field. The large-scale exchanges between villages actually started and ended here. Therefore, the village gate is not only a landmark, but also a ceremonial field and a veritable ceremonial gate.
The Drum Tower is also known as the "Luohan Tower". It is built with a giant tree as the central column and built into a tower-shaped "unicornar tower". It stands in the Dong Village and stands on top of the sky, becoming a spiritual symbol of the Dong family.
According to the legend of the Dong family, the Drum Tower was built like the "King of Fir Trees". The overall outline really resembles a cedar tree, reflecting the Dong's concept of big tree worship. Inside the Drum Tower, there are four large columns leading straight up, and benches between the columns surround the central firepit. A big drum hangs from the top of the building, and it is the number one for every major event. In addition to the octagon, tower drum towers also have hexagonal or square shapes. The drum tower is connected with chisel and mortise, the top beam and column are set free, and the rows and columns are criss-crossed. The whole body of the Drum Tower is of an essential structure, without nails or rivets. Due to the tight and strong structure, it can be immortal for hundreds of years. This fully demonstrates the superb architectural skills of the Dong people.
Fengyu Bridge, also known as corridor bridge and pavilion bridge, is to build a promenade on a wooden cantilever flat bridge. There are many rivers and streams in Dong District, and there are almost every village in Fengyu Bridge. Some are more than one. They are the only way to enter the village. The wind and rain bridge can not only protect pedestrians from the wind and rain, but also double as a village gate. It is also a place for villagers to gather and talk.
Another sacred building in Dongzhai is Satang. In the belief system of the multi-divine worship of the Dong ethnic group, ancestor worship is the core. The idol worshipped by the ancestors of the Dong ethnic group was a female, Sa, also known as "Sui Sui", or "Sama", which means "the supreme sacred grandmother", also known as "Holy Mother", and was one of the ancient Dongs. Female hero, she has been highly deified in the Dong cultural context. The offering of "Sa" is the most sacred and solemn religious activity of the Dong nationality.
Satang, Dong people called "Tangsa", "Ransa", also known as the grandmother shrine, is the place to worship and worship Sasui. Satang has two forms: one is an altar made of some stones, and the altar is surrounded by a roof without a wall; the other is a complete hall, which is shaped like a mountain temple and enclosed by a wall. Satang is mostly built on the edge of the Drum Tower and connected with the Drum Tower.
A half-open umbrella stands in Satang. Two iron pans are buried under the umbrella. A small wooden statue is placed in the pan. It is hung with red and green silk thread as a brocade. There are women's costumes beside it. The iron pan is pressed on all sides. "Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai" a small pile of stones in each of the twelve earth branches, indicating the orientation of the "twelve earths", with twenty-four parts Will guard. A small amount of broken silver is buried under each position. The "Twelve Lands" are the heads of the whole village, so the altar is also called "land head". There are also wooden benches under the umbrella, with five or seven tea cups placed on it, and two "millennium" and "yellow poplar trees" planted on both sides of the umbrella.
What is worrying is that at present, due to the lack of successors of the Dong construction craftsmen, the lack of wood sources, and the wooden building's fire resistance is very weak, it is easy to damage and difficult to regenerate, so there is a continuing crisis in Dong's wooden construction and related skills. Only by strengthening the rescue and protection work can the wonderful Dong wooden construction skills be passed down from generation to generation.
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