The term "sea rice" has not lost its popularity in recent times. The R & D team led by Yuan Longping, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, planted saline-alkali-tolerant rice (commonly known as "sea rice") at six experimental bases in Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Shaanxi, to screen the dominant sea rice varieties for large-scale saline-alkali land in China; The rice planted experimentally in Dubai's tropical desert was tested for yield, with a maximum yield of more than 500 kg per mu, which caused widespread concern.
At the meeting of the academicians of the two academies held in May this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping also mentioned sea rice. What is sea rice? How does it taste? What is the status of R & D? The reporter recently went to Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center's sea rice laboratory, test base and field plots for field interviews.
What is sea rice?
Sea rice is a visualized name for saline-alkali-resistant rice, which can grow on high-salinity soils, and hundreds of hybrid combinations have been bred
In the northern wheat harvest season, when rice is transplanted, farmers are planting sea rice seedlings in saline-alkali paddy fields in Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong. "Look at this saline, is it obvious?" Zhang Guodong, head of plant protection at the Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center, said, picking up the white soil around the pond. "General crops in saline land are difficult to grow, but sea rice is an exception.
"Sea rice" is actually a visual term for saline-alkali-tolerant rice, which refers to special rice that can grow on saline-alkali land, tidal flat and other high-salinity land. According to Zhang Guodong, deputy director of Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center, many countries and regions in the world are doing research on sea rice. There are more than 100 wild or semi-wild rice materials that have been discovered and stored as salt-tolerant rice germplasm resources in the world. Our agricultural scientists and technicians have also discovered and saved many salt-tolerant rice material.
Zhang Guodong introduced that the Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center currently collects hundreds of salt-tolerant rice germplasm resources worldwide, uses modern molecular breeding assisted technologies, and uses hybrid rice technology routes for group selection. As of 2017, it has been Hundreds of salt-alkali-tolerant hybrid rice combinations suitable for various accumulated temperature zones and various types of saline-alkali land were selected for breeding, and successively entered the national saline-alkali-tolerant rice area for trial planting, some of which are expected to pass the national first in 2019 Approval of batches of salt-tolerant rice varieties.
Last year, the Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center used 6 ‰ salinity seawater to irrigate more than 300 salt-alkali-tolerant hybrid rice materials throughout its life cycle. Some materials were successfully tested and attracted much attention.
Is sea rice planted directly in seawater? it's not true. Zhang Guodong said that the seawater and freshwater used in the test pool of the Sea Rice R & D Center dilutes the water with a fixed salt content to ensure the stability, scientificity and accuracy of the variety screening test. The rice material can truly reflect the salt tolerance of the variety, and it is more accurate than the salt tolerance data in natural fields. "This year, some of our materials will be tested using 8 ‰ salinity seawater to select hybrid rice varieties that are more salt-tolerant." Zhang Guodong said.
Why research and development of sea rice?
Can increase agricultural productivity in saline-alkali land and is expected to help food security
In fact, "R & D and promotion of sea rice is mainly aimed at the saline-alkali land that can be planted in China after simple improvement." Zhang Guodong said, "According to statistics, there are about 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land in China, of which about 300 million mu has the land converted into farmland potential."
According to reports, freshwater resources are scarce in most saline-alkali areas in China, but there are many marginal waters with a salinity of 2 ‰ -6 ‰ in the surface runoff that cannot be used in traditional agriculture. The sea rice varieties tested at the Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center on September 28 last year were obtained under 6 ‰ salinity water irrigation throughout the life cycle, which means that marginal water in saline-alkali areas can be used in a large number of agricultural production. In addition, in saline-alkali areas with a large amount of freshwater resources, irrigation with freshwater resources can greatly reduce the traditional freshwater salt washing process, combined with water-saving measures such as infiltration irrigation, drip irrigation, and subsurface pipe collection and reuse, can save freshwater resources more effectively , Sustainable development and utilization of saline land.
Yuan Longping said that planting sea rice on saline-alkali land and tidal flat land to increase agricultural productivity in saline-alkali land is an important measure to increase China's total grain, ensure food security, and improve the ecological environment.
Is sea rice delicious?
Different varieties, good taste is one of the selection criteria
What is the taste of boiled sea rice? On June 11, the reporter came to the rice taste and taste laboratory of Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center. Laboratory scientist Liu Shuai randomly took out a bag of saline-alkali-tolerant rice grown in saline-alkali fields, took out another jar of ordinary rice, and poured them into two test vessels. After careful observation and identification, it is found that the grain shape of the processed sea rice after removing the bark is better-looking, the gloss is translucent, and the clear fragrance of the rice is strong. After being cooked, the reporter conducted a trial eating. The rice and rice had good viscoelasticity, chewyness, sweetness when chewed, and a relatively fragrant smell.
Are the taste of sea rice rice similar? "Of course not, this is selected from hundreds of sea rice materials, and the taste varies with the variety of materials." Liu Shuai said, there is a standard for the selection of sea rice to be promoted, "except for strong salt tolerance In addition to the relatively high output, the taste and quality should be good. "
Liu Shuai admitted frankly, “There are indeed sea rice with average taste. The taste is not good, is one of the decisive factors to determine whether a certain sea rice variety can be promoted.â€
Is sea rice a genetically modified product?
Qingdao Sea Rice R & D Center adopts hybrid rice technology route for breeding, non-GMO products
In response to some netizens questioning whether "sea rice is a genetically modified crop", Zhang Guodong said that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs commissioned the Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center to take the lead in formulating the national salt-alkali-tolerant rice regional trial standard and organized a salt-alkali-tolerant rice regional trial consortium The regional trial experiment started in 2017. In this and next two years, the first batch of salt-tolerant rice in China is expected to be approved by the Variety Approval Committee. According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country, genetically modified crops are currently unable to obtain national approval. Therefore, in the future, the rigorously approved salt-tolerant rice seeds and rice in circulation in the seed industry market are non-GMO products.
According to reports, from the perspective of the selection and breeding process of salt-tolerant rice varieties, Qingdao Hai Rice R & D Center currently mainly adopts the two-line method of hybrid rice technical route, and does not use genetically modified techniques for variety selection. It was published on September 28 last year The tested sea rice varieties are all salt-tolerant hybrid rice and are not genetically modified products.
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