1, enzyme preparation
An enzyme is a biocatalyst that is a catalytically active protein produced by living cells. Adding enzyme preparations to the feed not only can supplement the deficiency of endogenous digestive enzymes in pigs, but also can destroy the anti-nutritional factors or poisons in the feed, promote the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients, and thus reduce the excretion of pig excrement. There are many feed enzyme preparations, which can be divided into cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, protein 1 enzyme, amylase, phytase, amylase and the like according to the substrate. Among them, phytase has the greatest effect on environmental protection, which can catalyze the addition of phytate to orthophosphate, add xylan and β-glucanase to corn-soybean meal diet, and improve the digestibility of crude fiber in pigs. At 48.9%, the crude protein digestibility increased by 16.5%, the dry matter digestibility increased by 11.3%, and the fecal volume and nitrogen excretion decreased by 20%.
2, acidifier
The acidifier can increase the acidity of the gastric juice, promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, inhibit the growth of foreign bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and increase the activity of enzymes in the stomach, thereby promoting the absorption of nutrients in the diet and improving the feed conversion rate. At present, organic acidifiers such as citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid are widely used.
Adding 1.5% to 2.0% fumaric acid to the piglet diet, the feed utilization rate of piglets increased by 4.4%, while the nitrogen balance was increased by 5% to 7%, and the metabolic energy value was increased by 1.5% to 2.1%. Li Defa and other pigs added 1% citric acid, crude protein digestibility, N utilization rate, dry matter digestibility increased by 6.1%, 2.7% and 2.28%, respectively.
3, micro-ecological preparation
The microecological preparation is a product made of living microorganisms, which enters the intestinal tract to promote changes in the micro-ecological balance of the pig, improve the gastrointestinal environment, inhibit the growth activities of the spoilage bacteria, and improve the absorption of various nutrients by the body, thereby reducing ammonia. Gas, hydrogen sulfide release and the production of amines. At present, the main beneficial microorganisms are yeast, mold, photosynthetic bacillus, lactobacillus, bifidobacteria, yeast, and spores. According to the results of the Beijing Environmental Protection Monitoring Center test, after 1 month of using the EM preparation, the malodor concentration decreased by 97.7%, and the odor intensity decreased to below 2.5, reaching the national first-class standard.
Adding 0.5% concentrated Lactobacillus to piglet diets, dry matter and nitrogen emissions decreased by 12.6% and 4.2%, respectively. Adding probiotics to growing pig diets can increase daily gain and feed conversion ratio and reduce feces. The content of ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids.
4, trace element chelate
The amino acid trace element chelate is similar in structure to the natural forms of some metal enzymes and hormones, and is soluble in the digestive tract. It is electrically neutral to prevent metal elements from being adsorbed on insoluble colloids which hinder the absorption of elements, so trace elements Chelates are easily absorbed and have high titers. Wu Xinmin reported that the growth-promoting effect of adding 50 mg of casein copper per kilogram of piglet diet was basically the same as that of adding 240 mg of copper sulfate per kilogram.
Adding 60 mg/kg methionine chelated iron to the weaned pig diet increased the daily gain by 9.4-10.3%, the feed utilization efficiency increased by 9.7-10.%, and the 10-week hemoglobin content (12g/100ml) was much higher than the control. Group (6.7 to 10.6 g/100 ml). Adding 150 mg/kg compound amino acid chelated iron to the piglet diet, the weight gain, feed conversion rate and hemoglobin transfer protein of the 45-day-old piglets were higher than those of FeSO4.
5, Chinese herbal medicine
Chinese herbal medicine additives are not only rich in amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients, but also improve feed utilization, reduce pollutant emissions, and promote pig growth. They also contain steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. A variety of biologically active substances, such as a class, can react with odor molecules to form odorless substances with low volatility, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and reduce their ability to decompose organic matter, thereby reducing odor. Wei Chuande and other Chinese herbal medicines such as malt, Polygonum, garlic, tangerine peel and Qinpi were added to the bred pig feed at 0.5%. As a result, the test group increased the weight gain by 17.05% and the feed utilization rate by 10.88%. Tao Xiaobin and other studies on the effects of Chinese herbal preparations on the growth performance of New American pigs. The results showed that the feed conversion rates of the three experimental groups were 0.37%, 3.73% and 9.33% higher than the control group, respectively, and could improve the autoimmune power of the pigs. .
6, synthetic amino acid
The composition of amino acids in plant proteins generally does not meet the needs of animal organisms. The use of amino acid balanced nutrition technology, the addition of synthetic amino acids in the diet to reduce the crude protein content, which can reduce the nitrogen excretion in pig excreta, while saving natural protein feed resources. Zhang Min et al. summarized the literature and found that a low-protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acids can reduce the nitrogen concentration in urine by 17%, the urine output by 28%, and the total nitrogen in urine by 41%. In addition, pigs can be reduced. Ammonia concentration in the house.
7, zeolite powder
Zeolite is a natural mineral deodorant. There are many well-arranged crystal cavities and channels inside, which can generate strong electrostatic adsorption. Adding to the feed can supplement the trace elements needed by the pig body, improve the digestibility of the diet, reduce the emission of organic substances such as nitrogen and sulfur in the excrement, improve the production performance of the pig; and cover the ground in the stool and the pig house. It can effectively reduce the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the pig house, and absorb the moisture in the air and feces, which is beneficial to adjust the humidity in the environment. Feed additives similar to zeolite have adsorption properties such as bentonite, activated carbon, medical stone, vermiculite and sepiolite. He Ruogang added 3% zeolite powder to the piglet diet. The results showed that the economic benefits of pig raising could be significantly improved without affecting the growth performance.
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