1 sufficient amount of fertilization
At present, in the fruit industry production, the amount of fertilizer is seriously insufficient, and the fruit trees are in a state of severe hunger. Insufficient fertilization not only affects yield and quality, but also often leads to years and years. If the fruit growers are afraid of not producing results, they will promote the flowers through ring stripping. The more they peel, the weaker the tree will be, and the severe will cause dead trees.
Red Fuji apple tree, the total fertilization amount of various fertilizers should reach about 10% of fruit yield. The output of a teacher's tree is 200-250kg. He applies 22.5kg of fertilizer per tree, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer. In contrast, most fruit farmers fertilize a tree 3 to 4 kg or 2 to 3 kg, or even less, and the fruit trees are seriously deficient in nutrition. For example, 2005 is Apple's small year, 2006 should be a big year, but the new year is not big, and many orchards and low-lying orchards spend a small amount. The reason is closely related to the serious shortage of fertilization. Because these plots have been exposed to frost in recent years, many fruit growers do not fertilize normally. Every year, they wait until there is no frost to sit on the fruit and then fertilize. If it is frosty, it will not be fertilized. For many years, the lack of nutrients in fruit trees has reached the point where it is difficult to make flowers.
2 balanced nutrient fertilization
The growth of apple trees requires a comprehensive and balanced nutrition. Not only a large amount of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed, but also a medium amount of elements such as calcium, magnesium and trace elements such as zinc, boron and iron, and more need to be supplemented with organic matter. The growth of apple trees is limited by the elements that are most lacking in nutrients. In the case of serious shortage of other elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied more, and apples are not good, and nutrient fertilization must be balanced. For many years, fruit farmers have neglected organic fertilizers due to partial application of chemical fertilizers, and have paid attention to large amounts of elemental fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while neglecting medium-quantity and trace element fertilizers, resulting in imbalance of nutrients in fruit trees, virtual growth, difficulty in flower formation, and fruit table. The light is not good, the coloring is bad, the taste is worse, and the physiological diseases such as calcium deficiency and bitter pox disease and zinc deficiency lobular disease are aggravated. Qu teacher supplemented the organic matter and medium and trace elements of the orchard by applying “Bai Shite†fertilizer to balance nutrients. Among the 22.5kg of fertilizer applied to each tree, “Bai Shiteâ€, high content of NPK fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer accounted for 1/3 (7.5kg). It has played a role in balancing nutrients, rooting and strengthening trees, and achieved high quality and high yield of Red Fuji apples.
3 trenching deep fertilization
The practical experience of Qu teacher is: deep fertilization can optimize soil environment, increase root amount, change roots, develop root system, enhance nutrient absorption capacity, and strengthen tree potential. However, many fruit farmers currently use shallow ditch fertilization and ground fertilization, which is not conducive to the growth and development of deep roots. It has many roots and less roots, more long branches, less medium and short branches, low flowering rate, unstable yield and size. The annual phenomenon is serious.
The method of deep trench fertilization is to dig trenches outwards about 50 cm away from the trunk, and dig 5 to 6 trenches per tree. The groove is 50cm wide, 20~40cm deep and 1.2m long. When digging trenches, avoid the thick roots. After the roots are thinner than the fingers, use scissors to cut the wounds to facilitate wound healing and new roots. For soil with good fertilizer and water retention conditions, it is best to apply the fertilizer for one year at a time, apply various fertilizers into the ditch, and stir thoroughly with the soil in the ditch to form a three-dimensional fertilizer layer, which is beneficial to the absorption of roots at different depths. . Level the ground to pour water.
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