Entering the 21st century, fierce market competition has driven advanced manufacturing technology pioneered by machine manufacturing technology to move forward at an unprecedented speed. The manufacture of aerospace components has entered a period of development characterized by digital manufacturing technology. Advanced aerospace products require aerospace parts with superior performance, lower cost and greater environmental friendliness, while processing requires faster processing speeds, higher reliability, high repeatability and reproducibility. The traditional tool can no longer meet the above requirements, and the tool industry has entered a new pattern of modern tool production with high precision, high efficiency, high reliability and specialization.
High speed, efficient cutting
With the advancement of science and technology, we are in the period of rapid development of advanced manufacturing technology, the promotion and application of CNC machine tools, greatly reducing the auxiliary time of parts processing, and greatly improving productivity. In the total working hours of aerospace parts processing, the auxiliary time is shortened, and the proportion of time taken by the cutting is increased accordingly. In order to further increase the productivity of the machine tool, the cutting speed must be greatly improved. This is also the rapid development of high-speed cutting technology in recent decades. The main reason. High-speed machining was first used in the processing of light alloys in the aerospace industry. It has become the main way to improve processing efficiency and quality and reduce processing costs in the aviation industry.
In the processing of aerospace parts, high-speed cutting is being used in a large number of applications, mainly for the following reasons:
(1) In order to minimize weight loss and meet other requirements, many components, siding, etc. adopt the "integral manufacturing method", that is, to remove the margin on the large blank, to form thin-walled, fine-rib structure parts, which need to be removed. A large amount of metal materials, resulting in a large proportion of the total production time of the parts taken by the cutting time, so one of the ways to improve productivity is to use high-speed cutting.
(2) The structure of the aircraft parts is complex and high in precision. The thin wall and fine rib structure of the parts have poor rigidity. It is necessary to minimize the radial cutting force and thermal deformation during machining. Only high-speed machining can meet these requirements.
(3) Difficult-to-machine materials, such as nickel-based superalloys, titanium alloys, and high-strength structural steels, are widely used in modern aerospace products. These materials have high strength, high hardness, impact resistance, easy hardening during processing, high cutting temperatures, and severe tool wear. , belonging to difficult to process materials. It is generally processed at a very low cutting speed. If high-speed cutting is used, not only can the productivity be greatly improved, but also the tool wear can be effectively reduced and the surface quality of the part can be improved.
High-speed machining has different processing mechanisms and application advantages from traditional cutting technology. It is a change in the concept of CNC machining. According to the material and structural characteristics of aerospace products, high-speed machining must be ensured by advanced high-speed cutting tools. High-speed cutting tools must have good wear resistance and high strength and toughness, advanced tool materials, excellent tool coating technology, reasonable geometric parameters, highly dynamic tool system, safe and reliable clamping, and high concentricity. The accuracy of the blade and so on.
Development direction and application of cutting materials
At present, in the field of aircraft manufacturing, high-speed steel tools account for about 60% of the total cutting tools, and carbide tools account for about 35% of the total tool. Superhard tools (cubic boron nitride, diamond) account for The total amount of all tools is less than 5%. In the future, with the continuous emergence of new aviation materials, the application of hard cutting and dry cutting will increase. Carbide tools, coated tools, ceramic tools, cubic boron nitride tools and polycrystalline diamond tools will The ratio will increase significantly.
1 development of cemented carbide materials
In order to meet the rapid development of high-speed cutting technology, the performance of various tool materials based on cemented carbide has been comprehensively improved. The development of fine-grained and ultra-fine particle cemented carbide and the application of coating technology to cemented carbide tools are significant. The strength and toughness of cemented carbide materials have been improved. The overall alloy tool made by it is gradually replacing traditional high-speed steel tools, which has improved the cutting speed and processing efficiency several times, laying an important foundation for the popularization and application of high-speed cutting. Solid carbides are also used in some complex forming tools to meet the diverse needs of product processing. At present, Xiamen Jinlu Special Alloy Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou Diamond Hard Cutting Tool Co., Ltd., Siping Bolt Craft Equipment Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Aviation Carbide Tools Co., Ltd. can provide carbide tools for the aviation industry. Close to the world's advanced level.
The 21st century cemented carbide tool materials should focus on two aspects: First, refine the grains to achieve nano-scale crystallite grade. The smaller the grain size of the cemented carbide, the higher the hardness of the cemented carbide, the better the wear resistance, the higher the toughness and rigidity, thus expanding its application range. Second, the application of new technology and new technology to develop a new type of hard Alloys improve the intrinsic properties and quality of cemented carbides.
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