The key to the success of growing winter plant cane is whether it can grasp the seedlings of the next seed. During the period from the next planting to the germination of seedlings, temperature and moisture are two important factors affecting the growth of winter planting sugarcane seedlings. Among these two factors, as the temperature conditions constantly change, the degree of influence is different. The temperature change in the previous period is from high to low, temperature is the main influencing factor, followed by water, and the whole seedling stage after germination into seedlings, with the temperature rising, the temperature change is from low to high, and the temperature is threatening. Gradually eliminate, on the contrary, with the extension of the dry season, the soil evaporation is increasing, the limited water in the soil is continuously decreasing, and water becomes the main contradiction restricting the success of winter planting.
1, timely planting
The next time of winter planting sugarcane and the safe wintering of seedling buds are closely related to the level of germination and seedling emergence. The planting period is too early. After the sugarcane buds sprout out of the soil, they are susceptible to frost and dead seedlings. The ungerminated buds also rot due to long-term low temperature and drought. The frost is also susceptible to freezing and rotten seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the climate characteristics of the sugarcane area and select the appropriate next seed period. Generally, it should be mastered before the frost comes and the temperature is stable at 13 °C ~ 15 °C, so that the winter planting cane roots before the winter, the buds sprout, but not unearthed, not to be unearthed after encountering low temperature frost and dead seedlings, Conducive to winter plant cane safe winter.
The planting period of winter planting sugarcane is divided into early winter planting, middle winter planting and late winter planting according to the following order.
Early winter planting: from early November to early December, the temperature is higher at this time. In the later sugarcane area at the end of the rainy season, the soil water content is still high, which is favorable for rooting germination, but the seedlings are susceptible to frost. The hazard, the cultivation should be based on the base fertilizer, especially the farmyard manure, pay attention to drought prevention and water retention, to prevent low temperature frost damage.
Zhongdongzhi: It is generally planted from mid-December to early January. This period is the lowest temperature in the year. The seedling roots and sprouts have the longest experience, and the germination rate is low, which is easy to cause seedling loss. In addition to ridges, it is generally difficult to ensure sprouting and seedlings.
Late winter planting: planted in the middle and late January, although the temperature is still low, but the time from the arrival of Chunxiao is faster, the chance of being harmed by pests and diseases is also less, the ground temperature can still be taken first, and the temperature will rise once. It quickly grows and grows to ensure emergence.
2. Land selection and site preparation
In order to keep warm and moisturize, the selection conditions of winter planting sugarcane are higher than those of spring planting and autumn planting. It is best to choose land with irrigation conditions without water accumulation, sunny sun, flat terrain and strong water retention capacity. When preparing the land, it is necessary to deepen the cultivation and enhance the water retention capacity of the soil.
3, cut down the species
Due to the low temperature and drought season of winter planting sugarcane, the quality of seedlings is high. When cutting seeds, you should choose robust and disease-free sugarcane species. Sugarcane species are generally cut into 2 to 3 buds. Due to the long germination time, the pineapple disease is more serious than the spring and autumn. The seedlings after cutting are preferably 5% to 8% lime water or 50% carbendazim 1000 times. The seeds were soaked and sterilized for 10 minutes.
In the dry land, deep trenches should be rushed to grab the next species. When the next plant is planted, the deep-growing ditch will reach the plate soil layer, the depth is 30-35 cm, and the bottom of the ditch is 20-25 cm. The bottom of the ditch should be leveled to ensure the next quality. The amount of winter planting sugar cane is generally 10% to 20% more than that of spring planting sugarcane to ensure basic seedlings. At the same time, the dry season after the next seeding to the germination and seedling experience is long, and it is vulnerable to underground pests such as termites. After the next plant, it is insulated and drought-proof, covered with plastic film.
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