World earthquake science knowledge 6

1. How to repair old houses in a timely manner?

A: In order to resist the sudden attack of the earthquake, regular maintenance should be paid attention to old houses. If there are cracks or flashes in the wall, repair should be done in a timely manner. The earth wall that is easily weathered and cracked should be regularly wiped; the leaking of the roof should be quickly repaired; the water around the house should be eliminated immediately after the heavy rain so as not to soak the wall base for a long time. Wooden beams and columns shall be pre-preserved decaying insects, if any damage is repaired in time.

2. What housing environment in the town is adverse to earthquake?

A: - Under tall buildings (structures) or other high-hanging structures: tall buildings, high chimneys, water towers, tall billboards, etc. It is easy to collapse when earthquakes threaten the safety of the houses; - Under dangerous goods such as high-voltage lines and transformers: earthquakes In case of electrical short-circuit, it is easy to catch fire and often endanger the safety of the house and the person; ——Dangerous goods production place or near the warehouse: If the factory is damaged due to earthquake, gas leakage, gas explosion and other accidents will endanger the housing.

3. Which housing environments in rural and mountainous areas are adversely affected by earthquakes?

Answer: - Under a steep cliff, on an unstable hillside: Landslides, landslides, etc. are easily endangered by the earthquake; - Unsafe gully mouths (such as places where mudslides usually occur); - Unstable bank Riverside or lakeside: The collapse of a bank slope during an earthquake can endanger the housing. If the housing environment is not conducive to earthquake resistance, it should pay more attention to housing reinforcement; if necessary, it should be evacuated or relocated.

4. Why do you say "architectural plan, earthquake first"?

A: According to statistics, 90% to 95% of the world's 130 huge earthquake disasters were caused by the collapse of buildings . Therefore, whether residents' houses, office buildings, school buildings, factory buildings, or even lifeline projects such as water, electricity, gas, and communications can withstand major earthquakes are the keys to minimizing earthquake damage. Say, "Building plans, earthquake first." Therefore, in the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Earthquake Preparedness and Mitigation," it is stipulated that the construction project must be designed in accordance with the requirements of seismic fortification and seismic design specifications for seismic design and construction in accordance with seismic design.

5. Why does the earthquake cause damage to the house?

A: The “culprit” that causes the destruction of houses during the earthquake is seismic force. What is seismic force? In short, this is an inertial force. When a car is in emergency braking, people in the car will fall forward, which is the effect of inertial force. In earthquakes, seismic forces caused by seismic waves on the ground act on buildings. If a house cannot withstand the effects of seismic forces, the lighter will be damaged and the heavy ones will collapse; the stronger the earthquake, the greater the seismic force the house will receive and the damage The more serious.

6. What are the factors that affect the degree of house damage at the time of the earthquake?

A: First of all, it is related to the earthquake itself. The bigger the earthquake, the smaller the epicenter distance, the shallower the depth of the source, and the heavier the damage. Followed by the quality of the house itself, including its structure is reasonable, the construction quality is in place and so on. The third is the site conditions in which the building is located, including the site's soil hardness, the depth of the cover, and so on. Finally, the effect of local topography on earthquake damage is also great.