Common pests and diseases in orchards

What are the main fruit tree pests and diseases?

1. Master the trend of pests and diseases

Peach tree shrinking disease, peach small heartworm, pear rust, pear star caterpillar, grape black shank, two-leaf spider mites, red spider, Zheng leaf moth, etc., although their growth and decline are restricted by climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and illumination. But it has its laws of life. Generally, the germination, the leaf-expansion period, the flowering period and the fruit-swelling period of the fruit trees are the time of harm. When the pear trees sprout green, it is the peak period of the pear buds and the larvae of the big heartworms. There is little difference in the developmental duration and progress of each pest. We can mark the peak period according to the progress of the period. (For example, in the middle of April, 1-2 capsules of the fruit are laid in the light-year, 3-4 capsules. In the medium-occurring year, 5-10 capsules are re-emergence years, and 10 capsules are extra-heavy years. The expected occurrence period, the amount of occurrence, and the appropriate period for determining the application of pesticides. Every year, before the flowering of the fruit trees, the 75% chlorothalonil or methyl thiophanate mixed with phoxim sprays the leaves and shoots evenly on the water, which has a multiplier effect on the prevention and control of various pests and diseases.

2, sporadic spots, before the third age

When the tree is green after falling flowers, it is the hatching period of the first generation larvae of the feeding pests. The insects are neat and concentrated, and the spores of the wintering pathogens also invade the fruit organs during this period. For example, the peach heartworm not only harms peach trees, but also harms apples, pears, apricots, jujubes, plums and other fruit trees. It occurs in 2-3 generations in one year, and the second generation suffers heavily. The locusts begin in late May to June. Feathering, in mid-June is the peak of spawning, the first egg larvae into the fruit, the appearance of a small black spot on the surface of the fruit, the fruit is harmed by the larvae, mostly monkey-shaped deformed fruit. This period is also the epidemic period of powdery mildew. It is necessary to grasp the sporadic point of birth, mainly for the first infestation. You can use 25% of the powder rust and mix 50% of the pine mites to spray evenly on the water. The insects are weakly hatched and eaten loose. Evenly sprayed, the insects are weakly hatched, small in food consumption, thin in body shape, poor in drug resistance, and sprayed before the fruit is drilled.

3, the main battle and the fight to fight the overall battle

Fruit trees have many pests and diseases, some occur all year round, and some occasionally occur. They must focus on both the main and the attack. According to the three periods of the initial, prosperous and final stages of pests and diseases on the fruit trees, three overall battles should be played throughout the year, that is, after germination - before flowering (From mid-late to early April) Fully spray chlorothalonil or methyl thiophanate mixed trichlorfon, control Zheng leaf worm, pear star caterpillar, pear rust, etc.; after flowering - green fruit (late May to 6) In the first month of the month, a total of 20% powder rust or 40% carbendazim mixed phoxim or Dajingsong pear rust, downy mildew, bacterial perforation, peach small heartworm, pear star caterpillar, etc.; (From mid-July to early August), mainly to control pear black spot, grape downy mildew, peach small heartworm, pear yellow mealworm, jujube hot pepper and other pests and diseases, can be used 40% carbendazim, mixed with 2.5% enemy kill or 20% of the anti-sweeping or 5% of the fusin, sprayed according to the amount of water. The medicine should be sprayed evenly, and the affected part should be sprayed heavily. For the deciduous disease, red spider, aphid, spray the back of the leaf, top tip, Zheng Ye insects should pay attention to spray the top, peach small heartworm should spray the top of the fruit to reach Cost-effective purpose.

4, early hands-on, anti-heavy treatment

All kinds of pests and diseases on fruit trees have wintering places, and the wintering pests and insects are concentrated, and the age of the insects is consistent, which is beneficial to concentrate once and eliminate. For example, apple powdery mildew, completely remove the winter buds and diseased shoots before the germination of apples, spray the medicines in time before the onset of tender buds, master the timely application of various pests in the first hazard period; peach tree leafing disease, wintering in the bud scales With the opening and spreading of scales, the bacterial perforation of peaches is overwinter in the decay of the diseased branches. In the early stage of the germination of peach trees, the infestation of the peaches is to be applied in the fruits of the ants, and the two leaves are in the leaves. When the fruit tree sprouts, the eggs are laid out in the leaves. The first generation nymphs begin to hatch in late May, and the first half of June is the peak period. The leaf-rolling moths should be applied before the leaves are rolled, and early prevention will increase the control effect.

What are the control measures?

1. Injecting pesticides

(1) Selecting the medicinal agent to "inject" the fruit tree to control the insect pest, the drug with strong systemicity should be selected, and the stronger the systemic absorption, the better the control effect on the pest.

(2) "Injection" is the best time to kill insects from April to September.

(3) "Injection" method with iron drill in the trunk below 20 cm from the ground, punching 3 to 5 (the specific number of holes depends on the size of the tree), the hole diameter is about 0.5 to 0.8 cm, the depth reaches the xylem 3 Up to 5 cm. After the injection hole is punched, the pesticide is slowly injected into the injection hole with a veterinary syringe. Generally, trees with a height of 2.5 m and a diameter of 2 m are used, and each plant is injected with 1.5 to 2 ml of the original drug . Young trees are injected 1 to 1.5 ml per plant, and adult trees can be appropriately increased in injection volume of 2 to 4 ml per plant.

(4) Notes

1 Systemic pesticides used in injections are generally highly toxic, and some are also highly toxic pesticides. Care should be taken during operation to prevent poisoning accidents.

2 peach, apricot, plum, plum and other stone fruit trees are susceptible to phytotoxicity of omethoate and should be used with caution.

3 Summer and autumn high temperature season, when the temperature exceeds 30 °C, pay attention to the drug must be diluted 3 to 5 times before re-injection, so as not to burn the tree.

4 40 days before the fruit picking should stop injection of the fruit tree injection, so as not to affect the quality of the fruit.

2, trunk coating

The methyl thiophanate ointment is prepared from the methyl thiophanate wettable powder and the vegetable oil in a ratio of 1..15-20, and can be directly applied after being uniformly stirred.

Applying 10 cm wide mucilage or coating machine oil to the base of the trunk can effectively prevent pests on the grass and other pests. It can also be used to control pests and diseases at the base of the trunk. Some drugs can be used to control pests and diseases. , thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and other low-residue pesticides with short potency, low toxicity, and low transport to flowers and fruits.

3, trapping pests

Generally, the pest species can be judged according to the hazard condition: the feces in the stems of the fruit trees and the tips of the shoots are sawdust-like, and most of them are harmful to various beetles; if the stool is light, it is granules or spherical, very May be the larvae of the wood moth larvae; if there is no excretion in the appearance, the local cortex has a yellowish appearance, which is a Gynecological hazard; the damaged branches have swollen knob-like protrusions; the pupils often have strips Sticky worm feces; mostly for the purpose of the winged moth.

4, the root buried medicine

There is also a stone sulphur mixture can only be used to make a tree bath before the germination of the fruit tree. After germination, the stone sulphur mixture can not be used to prevent the burning of the leaves. The main component of the Bordeaux mixture is basic copper carbonate, which is not mixed with common pesticides. After germination, matrine, avermectin, cypermethrin can be used to kill insects and insects, and organic copper sulfate is sprayed to prevent and cure diseases.

What are the commonly used pesticides in orchards?

1, stone sulfur mixture

The main component of the stone sulphur mixture is calcium polysulfide. It has the ability to penetrate and erode the pathogen and the waxy layer of the epidermis. After spraying, it forms a film on the surface of the plant to protect the plants from pathogens. It is suitable before the onset of the plant or Spray at the beginning of the disease. Wide spectrum of prevention and control, not only can prevent powdery mildew, scab, anthracnose, rot disease, gum disease, rust, black spot disease of various fruit trees, but also control pests such as fruit tree red spider, cockroach, scale insects Also effective.

2, avermectin

The trade names of avermectin include Qiqisu, Haizheng Pesticide, Aifuding, Insect Killing Star, and Insect Venus. It is a moderately toxic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach toxicity. It has no systemic action, but has strong permeability on the leaves, which can kill the pests under the epidermis of the leaves. It does not kill eggs, and it is highly effective against pest larvae, mites and mites. It can be used to control peach tree mites, leaf miner, and heartworm.

Note: This medicine has a certain direct killing effect on bees, predatory and parasitic natural enemies, and should not be applied during the flowering period of fruit trees. Highly toxic to fish, avoid contaminating water sources such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. The fruit was stopped 20 days before harvest.

3. Imidacloprid

The product name of imidacloprid is high-tech, Americ, clean, clean, etc. It is a systemic absorption insecticide with strong systemic attraction on plants, aphids and leafhoppers on sucking mouthparts. The scale insects and mites have better control effects. It is harmful to bees. It is forbidden to use during flowering period and will be stopped 15-20 days before harvesting.

4, acetamiprid

The trade names of acetamiprid are Mobilan, Juzheng, Qiwei, Qitai, Bierqing, etc., which have contact and stomach toxicity, and indicate strong permeability in plants. It is highly efficient, low-toxic and has a long-lasting effect. It can control various aphids, mites, scales and leaf mites of peach trees.

In the early stage of the occurrence of peach aphid, peach sputum and whitefly, evenly sprayed with 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times-2000 times, it can treat both leaf mites, mites and scale insects.

5. Diflubenzuron

Diflubenzuron has gastric toxicity, contact toxicity, no systemic effect, and relatively slow insecticidal effect. It can inhibit the synthesis of chitin in the body wall of pests, so that the larvae can not peel and develop abnormally, causing heavy deformity and death. The agent is mainly used for controlling lepidopteran pests (Lepidoptera moth, Yellow thorn moth, Flat hawk moth, Phyllostachys praecox, and apple leaf curler, among which the leaf miner and the apple leaf curler are the most common).

6, flubendiamide

Flumazenil, also known as cardinal gram, is an insecticide and acaricide. The drug mainly has the synthesis of chitin in the epidermis of insects. It is the insect that can't peel or metamorphose and die. It mainly kills larvae and young nymphs and does not kill mites. However, the eggs that are produced after the medicinal herbs are not hatched can be effectively prevented. A variety of lepidopteran pests and mites on fruit trees. Spray should be sprayed in its egg stage and young larvae.

7, chlorantraniliprole

The trade names of chlorantraniliprole include Kang Kuan and Od Teng. The insecticide is a micro-toxic and high-efficiency new insecticide, which is mainly used for stomach poisoning and has a contact-killing effect, and has special effects on the newly hatched larvae of Lepidoptera. It has a wide spectrum of insecticides and has a long-lasting effect. It is also safe for beneficial insects and fish and shrimp.

Control lepidopteran pests such as peach leaf miner, leaf hungry, heartworm, caterpillar, and moth. 1-2 days after the adult occurrence period, the branches and leaves were uniformly sprayed with 35% chlorantraniliprole water-dispersing granules 8000-10000 times.

8, lambda cyhalothrin chlorantraniliprole

15% chlorantraniliprole and cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension are prepared by mixing chlorantraniliprole and cyhalothrin in a certain proportion, which expands the insecticidal spectrum and improves the quick-acting effect. Sex and control effects, and can delay the development of resistance to pests, can effectively breed the heartworm on the peach tree, the leaf hungry, peach aphid, caterpillars and so on.

9, spirotetraethyl ester

The trade name of spirotetramat is a kind of new insecticide and acaricide. It has two-way systemic conductivity and can move up and down the whole plant to reach the foliage and bark. Efficient and broad-spectrum, long-lasting effect, effective prevention period can be up to 8 weeks. It can effectively control all kinds of sucking mouthparts pests, such as aphids, spider mites, scale insects, green cockroaches, etc., and it is safer for ladybugs, cockroaches and parasitic wasps.

10. Fluramide nitrile

The trade name of flonicamid is available as a new systemic insecticide, which can be absorbed into the body through leaves, stems and roots. It has contact and stomach toxicity, and has a broad spectrum. It is highly efficient, low-toxic, and has a long-lasting effect. It can be used to control green-spotted mites, mites, scale insects, leaf mites and so on.

Note: This medicine is directly sprayed on the bees and is poisonous to bees. In the frequent areas where honey plants and bee colonies are active, after spraying the chemicals, the crop surface liquid must be thoroughly dried before bees can be placed.

11, cyhalothrin

Kungfu chrysanthemum, also known as Kung Fu, is a pyrethroid insecticide with contact and stomach toxicity, fast knockdown and high egg killing activity. It has a wide spectrum of insecticides and can be used to control most of the pests such as P. sinensis, H. sinensis, P. moth, Caterpillar, Tea-winged owl, Green-streaked locust, Aphid, and Pterid. It is moderately toxic to humans and animals, and is safe for fruit trees.

Note: This medicine is toxic to bees. It is highly toxic to silkworms and fish. It is forbidden to use in flowering period of fruit trees. It should not pollute waters or raise bees and sericulture sites when using. Pests are susceptible to drug resistance and are not easy to use repeatedly. They should be used alternately with spirotetramat, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole.

12. Beta-cypermethrin

The trade name of beta-cypermethrin is high-killing, annihilating, high-efficiency killing Baike, high-efficiency Anjingbao, struggling and so on. It has contact, stomach toxicity and high egg-killing activity, wide insecticidal spectrum and fast knockdown speed. The control object and precautions are the same as velum.

13, Yu Ling

The brand names of 哒螨灵 are ketones, ketones, sputum, sputum, broom, scorpion, etc., which are discs, contact sputum, scorpion eggs, cubs, scorpions and Chengyu has a good killing effect, good quick-acting effect, long-lasting effect, and can be applied during the major occurrence of stagnation. It can be used to control a variety of plant pests, but it is very ineffective against Diptera.

Note: It is moderately toxic to mammals, low in toxicity to birds, and highly toxic to fish, shrimp and bees. It is forbidden to use in the flowering period of fruit trees.

14. Thiacinone

The trade names of thiazolone are Nisolan, Nielong, Egg, Weibaolang, which have strong egg-killing and killing activity. They are not effective for adult mites, but they are spawned by female adults exposed to liquid medicine. Can not hatch, the speed of killing is slow. The killing spectrum is wide and the effect period is long.

Note: Control the hawthorn spider mites and the two-spotted spider mites on the peach trees. 7-10 days after the peach tree Xiehua, spray the whole tree evenly with 5% thioxanthone EC 2000 times, especially in the canopy.

15, triazolyl tin

The trade name of triazolyl is excellent in North Leba, triazole ring tin, and no trace of cockroaches. It has a strong contact killing effect and can kill young cockroaches, adult mites and summer eggs, and is ineffective for winter eggs. It has a wide spectrum of killing, good quick-acting effect and long residual effect, which can effectively prevent and control a variety of fruit trees.

Note: This agent should not be mixed with alkaline pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture or stone sulphur mixture. The interval between use and Bordeaux mixture should be more than 10 days. It is highly toxic to fish and should not be contaminated when used.

16. Spiroester

The trade name of snail ester is endangered and endangered. It has a contact-killing effect. The effect of killing cockroaches is good, but it can inhibit the growth of female cockroaches. The long-lasting effect period is generally controlled for more than 40 days, but the drug effect is slow, and the effective treatment is achieved 3-7 days after the drug. It has a wide spectrum of killings and is very effective against a variety of pests. Suitable for use in the early stages of the occurrence of mites.

Note: This medicine is toxic to bees and is not allowed to be used during flowering. It is toxic to aquatic organisms and it is strictly forbidden to pollute water sources.

17. Diphenyl decyl ester

The trade name of diphenyl phthalate is Aikaru, a new type of acaricide that is effective for all forms of mites. The quick-acting effect is good, and the cockroach quickly stops feeding after contact with the medicinal agent and dies within 48 to 72 hours. To prevent and treat the pests on the peach trees, the front and back sides of the leaves can be evenly sprayed with the 43% biphenyl ester suspension agent 2000-3000 times in the initial stage and the peak period.

18. Zhongshengmycin

Zhongshengmycin is a kind of protective biocide , which has contact and osmotic effects. It can control a variety of fruit trees bacterial and fungal diseases, and has good control effect on peach tree bacterial perforation and scab. In the early stage of the disease, evenly spray the branches and leaves with 3% carbendazim wettable powder 600-700 times.

19. Carbendazim

Carbendazim is a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, systemic fungicide with protective box treatment for foliar spray, seed treatment and soil treatment. It can effectively prevent and cure various diseases such as brown rot, anthracnose, scab, and perforation. It can be used up to 3 times in one year and stopped 20 days before fruit harvesting.

20, thiophanate

Methyl Thiophane, also known as methyl thiophanate, is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide with preventive and therapeutic effects. It can control a variety of fruit tree fungal diseases, such as peach brown rot, anthracnose, scab, Root rot and so on. It was stopped 14 days before harvesting.

21, difenoconazole

The trade names of difenoconazole are oxyxazole, dividone, Shiguan, Shigao, Zhengao, which are broad-spectrum systemic fungicides, which can be quickly absorbed by plants after application and have long-lasting effects. It can prevent powdery mildew and rust of peach trees.

22. Nitrile azole

Nitrile azole, also known as azole nitrite, benzonitrile, is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide that prevents the invasion of pathogen spores and inhibits mycelial growth. It can be used in the incubation period of the bacteria to prevent the development of the pathogen; after use, it can make the next generation of pathogen spores lose the infective ability, and has preventive and therapeutic effects. It can effectively prevent peach rust and brown rot.

23, hexaconazole

The agent has a systemic and protective box therapeutic activity. Wide spectrum of sterilization, can effectively prevent peach powdery mildew, rust, brown spot, anthracnose and so on. Be careful not to use during the peach fruiting period.

24, azoxystrobin

Azoxystrobin is a new type of systemic fungicide that can be absorbed and transmitted by plants with protection, treatment and eradication effects. Efficient, broad-spectrum, can effectively prevent peach brown rot, anthracnose, leaf spot and so on. Before the onset, spray with 25% suspension of 500-800 times. It was stopped 7 days before harvesting.

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