Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory: New China's first grinding wheel factory

â–  Introduction to the dictator:
Wu Zongzhi was born in Hefei in 1930. He was the head of the Planning Department of the Anhui Provincial Department of Industry. In 1954, he participated in the creation of the Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory and worked in Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory for nearly two decades.
Hu Mingwei was born in Hefei in 1935. He used to be the chief of the inspection department of Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory and the secretary of the branch of the branch.
At the intersection of Dongyihuan and Heping Road, on the west side of Peace Primary School, there is a relatively dilapidated community, which is in stark contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings. On the signboard of the community door, several golden characters on the "Gray Wheel New Village" are shining and eye-catching. People passing by are always willing to look inside. Maybe they can't figure out what the "grinding wheel" is referring to? Why is it called "Gray Wheel New Village"? This has to mention the "Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory" that was famous in the 1960s.

First, from the office of only 15 square meters to the large factory of thousands of people. In 1954, the first house of our factory was actually in an office of about 15 square meters in the original Hefei model factory. Only more than 10 people in the office were preparing for the construction of the factory, which was called the preparation office of the ceramics factory. Later, when there were more people, it was changed to the “Preparation Office of the Grinding Wheel Factory”. At the beginning, our factory was “three nos”: no factory, no technicians, no workers. Therefore, the relevant departments transferred a group of old workers from the Wuhu Ceramics Factory to help build the factory. After the three or four workers came, we built a small kiln. They started to make some grinding wheels for us to see, but their technology is not enough, they are made of some very rough fakes.
In the second half of 1956, we and two colleagues in the factory went to Shenyang's 441 factory (later renamed the first grinding wheel factory) to learn production technology. This factory was kept secret at the time. It was originally left by the Japanese to produce. Higher quality grinding wheel. Three of us, one person is responsible for learning the kiln, one person learning the grinding wheel processing, and one person is responsible for learning quality inspection. Later, we returned to the Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory and inspected the grinding wheels produced at the factory according to the standards of the 441 factory. Most of the products were of poor quality.
In 1956, Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory was formally established, Gao Zhengjun was the director of the factory, and Xu Xining was appointed as the deputy director. Don't underestimate our factory. This is the first grinding wheel factory built by the Chinese people after the founding of New China. The "Torch" brand was designated as the trademark of Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory. Just two years later, in 1958, we The number of employees in Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory exceeded 1,000.

Second, the leader must first inspect the grinding wheel of the grinding wheel factory , also known as the abrasive tool, which is an important tool for improving the mechanical finish in industrial production. The grinding wheel is a porous body prepared by adding a binder to an abrasive, pressing, drying and calcining. The nature of the grinding wheel is mainly determined by factors such as abrasive, particle size, binder, hardness, structure, shape and size. For example, the cylinder of a diesel engine is very smooth and dense, otherwise it will leak oil. At this time, it is necessary to polish it with a grinding wheel. The inner cylinder needs to be ground, and the outer surface of the cylinder needs to be polished.
The diamond used for the "Torch" brand grinding wheel produced by our factory has strict limits on the particle size, hardness and strength. It has a clear label on the external label of the grinding wheel. We will produce the grinding wheel of the corresponding specification according to the requirements of the customer. The scrap rate of the grinding wheel produced by our factory should not exceed 5%, which was also a very advanced level at that time.
The production of grinding wheel is a very complicated process. The abrasive is added with binder, mixed according to a certain ratio, molded with a mold, then placed in a drying room to be dried, and then kiln is fired, then mechanically polished, and finally tested. Can be shipped. In 1963, I participated in the National Abrasives Quality Appraisal Meeting with the two factory directors at that time. At that time, there were only 10 companies in the grinding wheel factory in the country, which also marked the technical level of our factory at that time.
Our factory mainly produces grinding wheels of two kinds of materials: alumina grinding wheel and tin carbide grinding wheel. The entire East China region, especially some large factories in Shanghai, basically use our grinding wheels. For example, Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory, Shanghai Steam Turbine Plant, Shanghai Machine Tool Plant... are all using our "Torch" grinding wheel. At that time, because I was the technical backbone of the factory, I often went to the whole country to do product maintenance for some factories across the country, and almost all of China’s footprints were traveled.
In the "Great Leap Forward" period of 1958, in order to support the steel industry, our factory began mass production of refractory bricks. At that time, the workers were too busy to come and we were recruiting a lot in Hefei. At this time, many educated youths from Shanghai to the countryside also came here, and many Shanghainese people entered the factory. Shanghai people work very carefully and very seriously, and most of them are arranged in laboratories and technical departments. From 1960 to 1963, the double-sided oil stone (commonly known as the sharpening stone) produced by us was exported to Russia and other countries through Shanghai foreign trade companies, creating a lot of economic benefits. During this period, the grinding wheel factory expanded rapidly, and the thousand-person factory appeared at this time.
Because our factory is the first state-owned enterprise to produce abrasives and abrasives in the Ministry of Electrical and Mechanical Services, which was founded after the founding of New China, so at the time it was a high-altitude drum--famous reputation. In 1958, ambassadors from 32 countries visited our factory. In the same year, national leader Zhu De visited the factory. Later, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Ye Jianying, Peng Zhen, Yang Shangkun, Nie Rongzhen and other party and state leaders inspected our factory. It can be said that the grinding wheel factory was an external window of Hefei at that time, but the leaders from the central government will definitely go to our factory. This makes our factory famous, and almost no one knows in Hefei.

Third, the free "triple school"
At that time, the literary and artistic life of our factory staff was also very rich. The most frequent activity is to attend a dance. There are more male employees in our factory, and there are many female employees in the textile factory next door. We often hold a dance party to invite female employees of the textile factory to play. Sometimes dancing jumps to the middle of the night before everyone goes home. Every week, the next-door textile mill also holds a dance party, then gives a dance ticket and invites us to play. Usually in the auditorium where the factory is meeting, removing the tables and chairs, and then sprinkling a little talcum powder, becomes our ballroom.
Every year, the workers and workers in the factory are most expecting the performance of the staff and art performance organized by the city. Singing performances, stage plays, poetry readings, chorus, dances... Various programs are splendid, and many factory workers gather to be lively and celebrate.
There is also an infirmary and canteen in our factory. If you are sick, go to the infirmary to open a medicine to see a doctor. There is no charge. If you need to go to a large hospital, let the doctor in the infirmary open a note. After returning, the factory will also reimburse. The canteen needs to buy food tickets, it is also a few hairs, very cheap, if you do not want to eat big pot dishes, you can also give cooking alone. Therefore, at that time, our fourth-grade workers earned 48 yuan a month, and the five-level workers only got 56 yuan, but there is no problem in protecting the family's life.
At the time, at the factory, we also had a very interesting thing - to go to the "triple school" as a teacher on the weekend and teach the fifth grade of the elementary school for the students. Shortly after the liberation of the 1950s and 1960s, the cultural level of many workers was still not high. The “triple school” is a school jointly organized by several factories nearby. Employees can choose the corresponding courses according to their own educational level. Going to the Sanlian School is completely free of charge. Students do not have to pay for classes, and teachers do not charge for classes. All depends on personal interests. It was my greatest interest at the time to go to the Sanlian School to teach the staff.

IV. Withdrawal from the historical stage After 1996, due to various reasons, the production efficiency of our factory began to decline, and a number of excellent technical workers in the factory were approved to leave, and the production was almost stopped. In 2011, the original site of our factory was also replaced by a tall building. Since then, the famous Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory has officially withdrawn from the historical stage. Only the staff quarters built for the employees of the Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory in the early 1990s – “Gray Wheel New Village” still stands in the position of the year, and it is a shining reminder of the prosperity and glory of the “Hefei Grinding Wheel Factory”.

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