In order to obtain the catalyst in the fuel cell and the electrode in the ordinary battery, the engineer hopes to make a porous metal film, strive for a larger surface area for chemical reaction, and maintain high conductivity. The latter has always been a frustrating challenge. Now, Cornell University has developed a new method that can increase the conductivity of porous metal films by a factor of 1000. This technology also opens the door to a variety of metal nanostructures that can be used in engineering and medical applications. The relevant research report was published in the recently published online edition of Nature Materials. Ulrich Wisner, a professor of materials science and engineering at Cornell University, said that they have achieved high levels of control over the composition, nanostructures and electrical conductivity of the materials produced by means of hybrid heating. The new method is based on the sol-gel method familiar to the academic community. A certain silicon compound and a solvent are mixed to self-assemble a silica structure containing nano-scale honeycomb holes. The challenge for researchers is to add metal to create a conductive porous structure. Scott Warren, the first author of the paper and a current researcher at Northwestern University, explained that in previous experiments, they found that adding a small amount of metal would destroy the solution to form a gel. Since one end of the amino acid molecule is attractive to silicon and the other end is attractive to metals, researchers have developed the idea of ​​using amino acids to connect metal atoms with silicon atoms, which avoids the interruption of the metal film self-assembly process caused by phase separation. . Based on the above methods, more metal, silicon carbon nanostructures can be fabricated and their conductivity can be greatly improved. Silicon and carbon can be removed leaving only the porous metal structure. But silicon-metal structures can maintain their shape even at high temperatures, which is very beneficial for the manufacture of fuel cells. Warren also said that removing only silicon leaving carbon-metal complexes offers other possibilities, including the formation of larger holes. Experimental reports have shown that the new method can be used to make a variety of materials with a high degree of control over the composition and structure. The research team has created a structure for almost every metal in the periodic table. In conjunction with other chemical processes, the pores can range in size from 10 nanometers to 500 nanometers. They also make metal-filled silicon nanoparticles that are small enough to be ingested and absorbed by humans, and are expected to be used in biomedical fields. In addition, Wisner's team is known for creating "Cornell points" that encapsulate dyes in silicon nanoparticles, so the sol-gel process can also be used to build solar cells containing photosensitizing dyes.
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