For the super-hybrid rice, which has a large area of ​​1,000 kg/mu, the father of hybrid rice and Yuan Longping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, introduced molecular biotechnology. The reporter learned from the launch of the “863†project of the “12th Five-Year Plan†Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China on “Molecular Breeding and Variety Breeding of Super High-yielding Rice.†The research team plans to use molecular biological technology to finely locate a group of important genes and create a Excellent new and high-yield varieties with outstanding application prospects for new germplasm, new materials and breeding, and the promotion of planting 40 million mu.
The core germplasm of the project research is the backbone parents of the current two-line hybrid rice breeding such as the “Y58Sâ€, a photoperiod-sensitive male sterile line. This is the most prosperous parent of the super-hybrid rice family and the first time it has exceeded a large area of ​​900 kilograms per mu. The female parent of "Y Liangyou 2" has been introduced into cooperative research by more than 100 units in 15 provinces and cities in China. Among them, there are more than 20 hybrid rice combinations such as Y Liangyou series hybrid rice combination 42 and C Liangyou series that have passed the certification above the provincial level. According to incomplete statistics, the cumulative area of ​​the country has exceeded 80 million mu. As for how the "Y58S" and other CMS lines can effectively prevent aging and aging, the research group will use molecular biology techniques to give detailed explanations from the gene level and apply it to breeding innovation. This topic has been supported by the state's 9.2 million yuan in funds.
Yuan Longping told reporters that rice has high quality and high yields. There are two international technical routes: one is the improvement of morphology, and the other is the heterosis. China's super hybrid rice from a large area of ​​700 kilograms to 900 kilograms across the mark, mainly relying on the combined use of morphological improvement and heterosis, the selection of a seed with perfect plant shape and excellent genetic properties. China's super hybrid rice breeding technology is far ahead of the world, but rice breeding is still insufficient. For example, the coordination of super-high yield and quality improvement, disease resistance and resistance needs to be further improved; the progress of molecular biology technology and the integration of conventional breeding are not yet in-depth; in addition, the application of molecular improvement techniques mostly starts with a single gene or trait. Lack of results of systematic improvement from the entire regulatory network. If we use molecular technology to capture the 1,000 kilograms of rice per mu, this means that by 2030, in the face of the 5 billion people who eat rice as the staple food, Chinese hybrid rice technology will be able to undertake the “stuff†world grain deficit. Contributions.
According to the project leader Deng Qiyun, researcher of the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, the topic mainly involves “the creation and use of important agronomic trait genes/QTL database for the backbone parents of super-hybrid rice.†“Molecular mechanism research and germplasm excavation of rice high-efficiency seed grouting "Wild rice excellent gene excavation and utilization" "N-efficient use of rice varieties creation" "super high yield wide adaptability of high-quality rice varieties breeding" in five parts by the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai life The Institute of Science, China Agricultural University, Rice Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, and other units are jointly responsible.
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