The high temperature and humidity in summer are easy to cause the epidemic of fruit trees and insect pests . In order to effectively control the outbreak of pests and diseases of fruit trees, reduce pests and diseases, and ensure that fruit farmers' friends reduce or avoid economic losses, experts will introduce the causes and prevention methods of key diseases and common pests of fruit trees to everyone.
In the production of fruit trees, the fruit trees are continuously interfered by pathogenic organisms or adverse environmental conditions, and the intensity of the disturbance exceeds the degree of tolerance, which causes the normal physiological functions of the fruit trees to be seriously affected, and exhibits abnormalities in physiological and appearance, and causes The economic loss, the fruit tree that deviates from the normal state is the disease. Due to the damage of various pests and diseases, the yield and quality of fruit often suffer great losses. In order to overcome the pests and diseases of fruit trees, long-term agricultural technicians and agricultural scientific research departments at various levels, agricultural technology extension departments all over the country have carried out various scientific experiments and production practices on rural fruit trees, and accumulated a lot of forecasting knowledge and prevention experience. . This has played a positive role in improving fruit yield and quality. Here are a few common diseases and the latest potent agents:
First, mango anthracnose 1. Symptoms The young leaves initially produce a pillow-like dark brown spot with a yellow halo around them. The leaves are damaged, and the lesions are mostly round to polygonal. Both sides of the spot produce brownish black dots. The flower spikes are damaged, and the lesions on the peduncle are small at the beginning, and gradually expand and the multiple lesions fuse to form an amorphous large spot. Young fruit is easy to get sick. The diseased department was initially vermilion (small red dot) and then turned black.
2. Control method 1 Select resistant varieties.
2 Planting should maintain proper plant spacing to facilitate ventilation and ventilation.
3 In the winter clearing garden, the diseased branches and diseased leaves are cut off, and they are burned intensively to eliminate the source of infection.
4 chemical control: after the inflorescence germination to the young fruit period with 38% fentanyl 1000 times liquid prevention, from the young fruit period to 1 month before fruit picking, use 56% azoxystrobin chlorothalonil (water agent) 800 times or 70% nano-xin 600 times or 25% Shi Baoke emulsifiable oil 1500-2000 times liquid or 30% love seedling milk 5000-6000 times liquid control.
5 After harvesting the mango, use 25% Shibao 500 times liquid to dip the fruit for fresh preservation.
Second, mango powdery mildew 1. Symptoms The diseased part becomes brown, with white powdery spots scattered on it, which are merged into a white powdery layer. When the inflorescence is infected, the flowers are not open and the diseased flowers fall off. When the young leaves are infected, the white powdery mildew layer is present on the leaves.
2, prevention and treatment methods 1 planting disease-resistant varieties.
2 Strengthen the cultivation and management, and carry out the work of clearing the garden after harvesting or before flowering.
3 flower cluster elongation to young fruit period, using domestic special medicine control white 1000 times or 56% azoxystrobin chlorothalonil ( vast 瀚 high) 800 times liquid or 70% methyl thiophanate continuous spraying 2-3 times.
4 In the late stage of fruit expansion, use QQ augmented fruit dragon 1000 times solution, 12.5% ​​nitrile emulsifiable concentrate 2500-3000 times solution or 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 7000 times solution, once every 15 to 20 days, continuous prevention and control 2 to 3 times.
Third, litchi downy mildew
1. Symptoms When the flower ear is damaged, the flowers and pedicels are pale yellow at first, then yellow, and finally brown rot, dry, like fire, but the flowers do not fall off. The young fruit is damaged, the brown lesions appear on the surface of the peel, and then spread to the whole fruit browning. When the humidity is high, the surface produces white mildew. Its white mildew is thin and sparse, like hoarfrost. The fruit is near mature or mature, the skin becomes brown and black, the flesh rots, the wine has a sour taste and the yellow-brown juice flows out, and when the humidity is high, white mold is produced on the surface of the diseased part.
2. Prevention and treatment method 1 Clean the orchard, combine the pruning after fruit picking, cut off the Yin branch, the drooping branch, the diseased branch, the dead branch, remove the fallen leaves, drop the fruit, and reduce the source of the initial infection.
2 After spring warming, the soil moisture is high. The ground is sprayed with 0.2-0.3% copper sulfate plus 0.1% washing powder mixture twice, and 30% copper oxychloride is also used 300 times, and lime is added.
3 sunny days, grasp the flower bud period, young fruit period, fruit near the mature stage spray. Can choose 38% carbaryl ester 800-1000 times solution, or 64% antivirus 矾 600 times solution, 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic 800 times, 50% Anke 2000-3000 times, 41% polypyrimidine 800 Double liquid or 47% Jiaruinong 800 times liquid control.
Five, peach black spot disease 1, symptoms:
Peach black spot disease is also known as sore disease. It is mainly harmful to fruits and can also damage fruit stalks, new shoots and leaves. The fruit is infected in the early stage, and it occurs mostly in the shoulders. It produces dark green round spots. It gradually enlarges and is black-streaked with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. In severe cases, the lesions are aggregated into pieces, the fruit surface is rough, and the disease spots become close to maturity. It is purple black or red black. The infection of the pathogen is limited to the epidermal tissue. When the diseased part stops growing, the flesh can continue to grow, and the disease often cracks. Fruit stems are infected, and the disease often falls off early. Infected with leaves, initially with gray-green polygons or irregular spots between the leaf veins on the back of the leaves, dark green to brown lesions appear on both sides of the diseased leaves, and then become purple-red dead spots, often perforated and shed. It is a dark brown strip-shaped lesion.
2, prevention and treatment methods:
1 Select and plant disease-resistant varieties, and plant early-maturing varieties in areas with serious disease.
2. Remove the primary source of infection. At the end of autumn and winter, combined with pruning, carefully cut off diseased branches and dead branches, remove dead fruits and stumps, concentrate on burning or deep burial, cut off diseased dead branches in the growing season, remove diseased fruits, and prevent reinfection.
3 Strengthen the cultivation and management of peach orchards, pay attention to drainage after rain, and reasonably pruning, so that Taoyuan can be ventilated and light, and the disease conditions can be eliminated.
4 chemical control. Before flowering, spraying 20% silicon oxazol 800 times prochloraz + 0.3% trichloroacetic acid or 45% sodium calcium polysulfide crystal 30 times, up to eradicate bacteria sources on winter shoot. Half a month after Xiehua, spray 56% of cyanobacterial chlorothalonil 800 times, or 70% of thiophanate-methyl ultrafine powder 1000 times. Spray once every 10-15 days, for 3 or 4 times in a row.
5 fruit bagging. Bagging after fruit setting to prevent infection by pathogens.
In short, effective prevention and control of pests and diseases requires scientific and rational use of pesticides, and the selection of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides. It is also necessary to promote the tree body through cultivation measures, and to prevent spraying of the bacteria on the basis of improving the disease resistance of the tree.
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