As various pollutions in the environment become more and more serious, the national policies and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction have become more and more demanding on the public environment. Therefore, environmental landscape design is especially important for low-carbon eco-cities.
1. Policy guidance and in-depth planning. With the introduction of the low-carbon concept, due to the environmental damage caused by the use of traditional coal and oil, people began to pay attention to green energy, including solar energy, electric energy, biomass energy, wind energy, nuclear energy and so on. With the deepening of R&D, the increase of social concerns and demand, and the related incentive policies, the demand for alternative fuels will gradually open, thus replacing traditional gasoline and diesel as the power source for future cars.
2. A thorough "people-oriented" philosophy. Guarantee the right to walk and bicycle traffic, change the current car-oriented, ignore the urban traffic planning concept of pedestrians, ensure that the dedicated road system for sidewalks and bicycle lanes is wide enough, good lighting, safe, continuous barrier-free, and reasonable with other traffic The way to achieve convenient transfer, and jointly build a green low-carbon urban transport.
3. The traffic function is clear. Road traffic planning reflects the refinement of passenger and freight functions; urban main roads increase small towns, development zones, tourist landscapes, and rail transit main roads; strictly classify public transport, especially express lanes, bicycle lanes, taxi lanes, etc. According to the optimized urban transportation plan, redistribute the parking area, especially the central city, reasonably and effectively solve the parking problem, and achieve the dynamic and static balance of urban traffic.
4. Give full play to the advantages of public transportation. Large cities should form a public transportation system with large-capacity rapid traffic as the backbone, conventional public steam-electric vehicles as the main body, and other public transportation modes such as taxis. The public transportation can reach no more than 50 minutes between any two points in the built-up area. There are no more express bus lanes on the main and secondary trunk roads with subway and light rail lines, but these roads should have special lanes for regular public transportation. Pay attention to the planning of various transportation interchange hubs, shorten the transfer time interval, and realize the transfer conveniently and quickly.
5. Improve the driving environment of the vehicle, in good road conditions (road flatness, road width, flat and vertical line shape, etc.) and good traffic conditions (slow and slow lanes, no non-motor vehicles, small lateral interference, etc.) The operating state is stable and its fuel consumption is relatively small. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve the urban traffic conditions, ensure the pass, and have an effective driving speed to develop a harmonious and efficient mode.
6. Improvement of asphalt pavement materials and processes. Asphalt has been polluted in the process of processing and construction, and it has received increasing attention. With the application and promotion of materials and technologies such as waste tire rubber powder, road surface regeneration, and warm asphalt, this thorny problem is expected to be effectively solved. In addition, the road surface recycling technology has found a way out for the rational use of asphalt pavement waste, which is very meaningful for low carbon contribution and investment saving.
7. Low carbon design strategy for plant landscaping. Plants are important elements of the urban environmental landscape, and standardized planting is essential for the ecological role of a city. The application of a large number of green plants not only saves synthetic building materials, but also reduces energy consumption, and is also essential for building an ecological garden city. The low carbon design strategy for plant landscapes should include the following aspects.
8. Plant type. Trees have a strong carbon sink and shrubs are much lower. The long life of the tree is so long that the amount of carbon is large. Shrubs grow fast, but the period in which carbon is fixed is relatively short. What we need is a plant species with a fast carbon-fixing rate and a long cycle, so that the carbon sequestration effect will be high.
9. Plant planting form. Plant landscapes of different forms and different design styles, such as natural and regular plant landscapes, have very different carbon sinking efficiencies. The natural plant landscape is significantly higher than the artificial one. The form of plant landscape like the pattern flower bed requires strong maintenance management and manual intervention, and the flower belt must be replaced frequently. Therefore, it is unreasonable to consider from the carbon effect.
10. Plant planting structure. Different planting structures (sparse, horizontal structure, vertical structure), such as jungle grassland and sparse forest grassland, have different carbon fixation effects. At present, the most popular plant landscape structure models are jungle grassland and sparse forest grassland, and the trees are mostly multi-layered structures, ranging from tall trees to middle trees to small trees, shrubs and ground cover plants. This multi-layered plant landscape model has a large leaf area coefficient, so the photosynthetic efficiency is high, and because of the tall trees, the carbon fixation time period is also relatively long. The jungle plant landscape structure has a strong carbon sink function.
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