Under the current situation of water shortage, water-saving irrigation is the focus of global attention. It is imperative to replace the traditional backward water-based watering and artificial spraying with modern water-saving irrigation. To this end, the author discusses the application advantages and existing problems of water-saving irrigation technology in the flower industry.
Water saving irrigation technology advantage
The advantages of water saving irrigation are reflected in: 1. Water saving. At present, most flower companies still use artificial water pipes for watering. This method is not only unevenly watered but also has a lot of waste of water. If plug-in, drip irrigation, and small tube outflow are adopted, the uniformity of watering can be improved, and water is saved by 50% to 70% compared with artificial watering. 2. Labor saving. Save up to 90% of labor. Nowadays labor costs are rising and it is not easy to hire workers. If water-saving irrigation is used, labor can be saved to the utmost, and labor efficiency can be improved. If combined with an automatic controller or a programmable controller or a frequency converter, the manpower input can be greatly reduced. 3. The planting structure can be changed. Roof greening and three-dimensional flower beds are increasingly used in practice, and the use of micro-irrigation and drip irrigation technology to promote three-dimensional greening has achieved remarkable results. 4. Water and fertilizer integration construction. Water and fertilizer coupling is a hot spot in irrigation. At the same time of irrigation, fertilization and drug fight are carried out simultaneously according to the needs of different growth stages of flowers. 5. Improve the small environment. For flowers that are not resistant to high humidity, drip irrigation can be used. For flowers that prefer high humidity, micro-spraying can also be used to cool down the plants and improve the local environment.
At present, flower enterprises have applied more and more water-saving irrigation technology, but there are the following misunderstandings in use.
1. Insufficient understanding of irrigation products.
There will be some investment in the early stage of water-saving irrigation, and maintenance is needed in the later stage, which poses a barrier for flower companies. For example, the flow path of the dripper is very fine, and the water quality is very high. It is necessary to use a filtration system when constructing. In fact, as long as the design is proper, the investment of the filtration system will not be very high. The maintenance can prolong the service life of the filtration system, which can fully compensate the labor and water fee input of the non-water saving irrigation method. It is understood that the self-pressing drip-type drip irrigation system needs to invest about 2,000 yuan/mu, the micro-sprinkler irrigation system needs to invest about 1,000 yuan/mu, and the artificial point irrigation system only needs to invest about 300 yuan/mu. The cost is not very high, but the benefits are great in the later period.
2. There is no good combination of the characteristics of planting crops in the formulation of irrigation systems and water management.
Flower enterprises should formulate irrigation systems according to the requirements of different plants in different growing seasons, and it is not scientific to pursue water conservation. In the potted flowers, the flower varieties of the drip arrow micro-irrigation equipment are mainly used for products with high commodity value and long production cycle. There are usually magenta, anthurium, pineapple, pitcher plant, moth orchid, national orchid, etc. These flowers grow from May to October, and even longer, and must be watered one to three times a day during the growth cycle. If water-saving irrigation is adopted, labor saving can improve the quality and uniformity of flowers and increase economic benefits.
For potted flowers with short production cycle and low commodity value, such as impatiens, cockscombs, chrysanthemums, etc., the production management is relatively extensive. If the drip arrow micro-irrigation equipment is used, it is easy to cause high production input and low output. Frequent installation and removal of the arrow drop will damage the equipment, affect the normal operation of the equipment and shorten the service life. Therefore, the potted flowers with shorter production cycle use less drip irrigation equipment. The author once saw in a flower base in Shunyi District of Beijing that most of them planted grass flowers and perennial flowers, all of which were planted in separate pots. The installation of dripping arrows was heavy and could not be used, but the micro-spray was not resistant to wind. If the flow rate is too large, it will not work and the water source will be wasted. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use micro-spray, drop arrows or buried nozzles.
Insufficient irrigation product services
In addition to the misunderstanding of the application of irrigation users in irrigation technology, there are also shortcomings in the production and construction of irrigation equipment. First of all, the quality of domestic irrigation products needs to be further improved. More innovative talents and scientific research institutions are needed to carry out product research and development, create independent brands, and strengthen product quality supervision system in the later stage so that products can meet relevant requirements before leaving the factory. Second, we should improve customer service and teach customers how to properly use and maintain products and equipment. The construction enterprises will judge the situation and different flower varieties with different irrigation equipments, and timely report the problems encountered in the construction to the producers. The producers will update the product performance and parameters according to actual needs to meet the market demand.
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