Recently, domestic media reported that bottled beverages contained carcinogens in plastic bottles, causing great concern. In addition, Japanese researchers have found that tiny particles in urban air contain a lot of helium, one of the main sources is the brake pads.
With the news of "the presence of heavy metals in beverage plastic bottles," the "锑" has become a hot search word.
In fact, it is not a very new type of pollutant. As early as 1979, it entered the list of priority control pollutants of the US Department of Environmental Protection, and it was also included in the priority control of pollutants by the European Union, in the Basel Convention. With regard to the limitation of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, it will be classified as hazardous waste.
In the face of so many embargoes, people can't help but ask: What exactly is it? How dangerous is it? How close to our life? Can we stop it?
How close are you to us? Almost everywhere in life For most people, you are still a new word, so what exactly is it? Xu Dongsheng, a researcher at the Institute of Metal Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Strontium is a widely distributed toxic element that is mainly found in the lithosphere (Sb2S3). The metal tantalum is silver-white and has a unique shrinkage and cold swell." China is a big country with vast reserves. According to the World Mineral Resources Review released by the US Geological Survey in 2011, it has a proven global reserve of about 1.8 million tons while China accounts for 950,000 tons, ranking first in the world.
When examining the data, the author found out that as early as in Han Shi Food and Money, he has appeared in the shadow. It is understood that tincture has been widely used in the treatment of cholera, tuberculosis, kala azar and other diseases. As one of the countries in the world that discovered and used crickets earlier, China has always called “Lianxi†in the past. It is almost everywhere in our lives today.
Xu Dongsheng said: "The crucible is a poor conductor of electricity and heat and has anti-corrosive properties. Therefore, the main role of niobium in the alloy is to increase the hardness. It is often called a hardener for metal or alloy and can be used to make munitions. It is important The strategic materials; In addition, high efficiency and low price, can also be used as a polycondensation catalyst in PET production; Telluride can be fire-retardant, often used in all kinds of plastic and fireproof materials; Ceramics, rubber, paint, Glass and textiles are also indispensable to compounding white materials."
Where does helium pollution come from? Are urban waste, waste disposal, improper disposal of waste water and waste residues the main cause of earthworm pollution? Xu Dongsheng said: "Because of the influence of human activities and the widespread use of antimony compounds, the pollution of the earthworms in the environment is relatively serious. The garbage wastes in the city, the smelter around the mine, and the combustion emissions from the thorium-containing fuel are all sources of earthworm pollution." When metal or coal mines and other process applications are mined, they can produce helium-laden waste gas, waste water, and slag. Studies have shown that 80% of the pollution of earthworms in urban waste comes from flame retardants in fabrics, curtains, textiles, and plastics. In some countries, the use of antimony solder to weld water pipes has increased the content of barium in tap water.
“The plutonium in the atmosphere mainly comes from the combustion of coal and petroleum. In the process of mineral combustion or smelting, plutonium enters the atmosphere in the form of steam or dust. The plutonium in the plutonium comes from the discharge of plutonium industrial waste water and the plutonium-containing rainfall. In addition, the water seeps into the soil. Can make it pollute." Xu Dongsheng said that in the transportation sector, the friction of the car's brake pads is one of the ways to release it into the atmosphere.
Some studies have shown that the concentration of plutonium in municipal waste is 8-40 g/t, and the concentrations of plutonium in the surface soil and plants around a plutonium smelter are 1489 mg Pkg and 336 mg Pkg, respectively, and the concentration of plutonium in river sediments and soil around it. Up to 1% and 260 mg/kg, respectively.
It is reported that China's antimony ore reserves and production rank first in the world. However, it is puzzling that these substances are almost never recycled and eventually abandoned into the environment.
What does helium pollution bring? It may be a potential carcinogen. The densely poplar forest near Daxinzhuang, Xitian Township, Miyun County is full of smoke. There are twenty or thirty pits in the woods, and the heavy gray-black dust envelops the discarded brake pads. The dust from the nose makes people cough. Researchers who came here said that these contaminants may pose a threat to soil, groundwater, rivers, plants and animals, and there are helium in these pollutants.
Xu Dongsheng said: “Although it is not yet a major pollutant in the atmosphere, with the continuous mining and smelting of antimony ore, the continuous burning of fossil fuels will certainly allow more plutonium to enter the atmosphere in the form of steam or dust, thus increasing pollution. In addition, although the impact of ordinary rocks on water is relatively stable, the ore-bearing ore in the mining area is eroded by running water, and the discharge of industrial waste water, atmospheric dust falling with rain and snow, or natural settlement will all cause the increase of barium content in the water. It is often stable, poorly migratory, and has low bioavailability, but it does not rule out recovery of its toxicity in the event of changes in environmental conditions, increasing mobility, and thus causing harm to organisms."
Some studies have suggested that the tiny particles formed by the use of brake pads may be a potential carcinogen and require more rigorous management. In response, Xu Dongsheng said: "The human body and animals can contact the earthworms in the environment through various means such as water, air, food, skin contact, and breathing. Workers engaged in the work of mining or smelting cesium ore, if they do not pay attention to protection, it is easy. Occurrence of hydrazine poisoning.†It is reported that adults have an average of about 5.8 milligrams of quinones, mostly from pottery, tableware pottery and enamel products, because the enamel in the glaze can be dissolved in the food acid and enter the body. In addition, some children's clothing also contains flaws.
■Experts to strengthen supervision to prevent pollution 锑 “The most practical and feasible way to treat thorium pollution is to reduce the amount of use, especially in terms of catalysis. The use of new catalysts such as titanium or other catalysts is an option.†Xu Dongsheng said, Toxic elements, if there is no safe and reliable way of handling, will surely get more questions. It is understood that titanium-based catalysts have high catalytic activity and are environmentally friendly. It is a general trend to replace ruthenium-based catalysts.
"It is also necessary to reduce the burning of coal and oil, and pay attention to the choice of control measures for coal-fired radon. Coal and oil are the treasures uploaded by the ancestors and should be used more for raw materials such as chemicals. The use of nuclear energy is the most economical and most efficient energy source. In particular, consider long-term resource consumption.†Xu Dongsheng said, “In addition, it is also necessary to design new materials to replace contaminated materials. By replacing the existing alloys containing ruthenium by the design of new alloys and catalysts, the use of calculation-assisted new material designs has greatly increased the Reducing the number of necessary trials is a new trend in reducing resource and energy consumption, and it can also reduce indole pollution indirectly."
“Relevant departments should strengthen supervision and control of the whole process from mining to application to the disposal process. This should be a kind of government action, and it must be effective.†Xu Dongsheng said. It is reported that in 2002, China's "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" required that the thorium content of water sources must not exceed 0.005 mg/L, which is the same value as the other heavy metal cadmium. In addition, in 2007, the “Environmental Quality Evaluation Standard for Exhibition Land (Interim)†promulgated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, the content of earthworms in the soil was also used as the evaluation standard. The provisions of the earthworms should not exceed 12 mg/kg (A). Grade) and 82 mg/kg (Class B).
â– Extensive Reading Don't Dispense Vines and Carbonated Beverages into Polyester Plastic Bottles. The researchers tested 15 hot-selling bottled water and found that the content of terbium in natural groundwater is one trillionth of a trillion, while the bottle water just shipped from the factory The average content of antimony is 160 parts per trillion, and the content of antimony in bottled water is doubled after three months from the factory; and the higher the ambient temperature, the greater the amount of antimony dissolved in water, and the higher demand for bottled water. The period is hot summer.
In November 2010, British researchers suggested that due to the use of ruthenium-containing catalysts in the production of polyester plastic water bottles, helium in mineral water bottles may continue to migrate into the water, and long-term accumulation of this element in the body may be hazardous to health.
Chinese scientists and technicians reported the results of the precipitation of ruthenium catalysts in polyester plastic water bottles in 2008. Among the eight beverages tested, it was found that the acidity and alkalinity of beverages had a significant effect on the dissolution of tritium, and the content of ruthenium in carbonated beverages reached 0.07mg/L, alkaline beverage content reached 0.0342mg/L, and the mineral water and pure water content of cerium was not higher than 0.001mg/L. Studies have shown that in the acidic solution the precipitation of cerium is higher than that of the alkaline solution. When the solution is neutral, helium is almost not precipitated; the increase of the temperature will increase the precipitation of cerium, involving the high temperature in summer and part of the beverage adopts the high-temperature filling production process.
According to the current research findings, drinking bottled mineral water and pure water cannot be considered to be harmful to health due to dialysis, but it should not be stored under conditions of high temperature and exposure for a long time. The consumption of carbonated beverages has reason to believe that it is more sensible to choose a canned bottle than a bottled bottle only for the promotion of dissolution of barium under acidic conditions. The use of polyester bottled vinegar will theoretically promote the decantation of the bottle body. Due to the vinegar as a condiment, its daily consumption is much lower than that of beverages. It cannot simply be assumed that the risk is higher than that of drinking beverages, but it is mainly prevention. The idea is not to artificially separate vinegar into polyester plastic bottles.
Chemical Raw Materials,Potassium Permanganate,Hydrogen Peroxide
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