There are many kinds of pests and diseases in the late growth stage of rapeseed, mainly including rapeseed sclerotinia, viral diseases, downy mildew and aphids. Rape is one of the important economic crops in the region. The practice of comprehensive prevention and control of rapeseed pests and diseases for many years is summarized as follows:
First, the occurrence of major pests and diseases of rape
1. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a worldwide disease. It ranks first among the three major diseases in China. The loss of production in general years is 10%-20%, and the serious illness is 50%. In severe cases, it even exceeds 80%. The suitable conditions for sclerotial germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are: temperature of 5-20 degrees and soil relative humidity of 70-80%. Spring is from late February to April. If the temperature is between 8 and 20 degrees, the rainy, continuous field, over-planted, and poorly-watered fields are conducive to the occurrence of the disease, the stem is affected, the lesion is initially watery, the lesion is slightly sunken, and there is concentricity. The wheel pattern, the middle part is white, the edge is brown, and the border of the diseased health department is obvious. When the disease is serious, the diseased stem is covered with flocculent hyphae, so it is called white stalk, mildew stalk, etc., at this time the plant is dry or dead or early, it is visible. The cortex is longitudinally split. The petals are highly susceptible to infection, produce water-stained spots, and are easy to fall off. When high-humidity, the pods will grow white hyphae, and the mud-like sclerotia can be formed on the inside and outside of the diseased stem and on the pods.
2. Rape virus disease canola virus disease in the Yangtze River can be found in the rapeseed production area of ​​10-30%, more than 70% of the diseased field in the epidemic year, the resistance of susceptible rapeseed is reduced, susceptible to sclerotial disease, downy mildew Infection, etc. The symptoms on the stem are mainly dark brown spots with varying lengths, and even spread to form plaques. Later, they are longitudinally split, and there are white secretions at the cracks, which can cause the plants to die half or the whole plant. Rapeseed virus disease is also known as mosaic disease. The rapeseed mosaic virus is mainly transmitted by aphids. Generally, the temperature in autumn is 15-20 degrees. It is dry and rainless, which is good for the migration of aphids. The aphids can be poisoned by smoking for 3-5 minutes on the diseased plants. Moved to the rapeseed strain.
3. Downy mildew The incidence of this disease in the Yangtze River canola is generally 20-50% in the general year, and the yield per plant is 10-50%. After the stem branch and the peduncle are susceptible, the primary chlorotic spot is enlarged. Plaques, there are downy mildew on the spots, the pathogens are downy mildew of rapeseed, and the primary infestation source is mainly from the egg rests of the virus residues, soil and seeds over the winter and summer. After the onset of peduncle, the body is sometimes deformed, the flower becomes green, the swelling is "faucet", the surface is smooth, and there is a frosty mildew layer. When the disease is severe, it will fall and even the whole plant will die.
4. Rape locusts The Yangtze River basin is mainly dominated by radish mites. The mites are suitable for warmer and drier climates. The suitable temperature for fertility reproduction is 14-26 degrees and the relative humidity is 50-70%. Under suitable temperature conditions, there is no wind or no rain, the weather is dry, and the aphids breed very fast, so the aphids occur heavier in the late spring and early summer and autumn.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases of rape
1. Rotation and change of rapeseed and gramineous crop rotation can significantly reduce the accumulation of sclerotia in the field, thereby reducing the number of sclerotia.
2. Selection of mineral disease varieties The high-quality varieties of Brassica napus L. with strong stress resistance and comprehensive traits should be selected.
3. Timely sowing and strengthening field management work According to variety characteristics and climatic conditions, timely planting and transplanting; fertilization should be heavy base, seedling fertilizer, suitable for flower fertilizer, make rapeseed grow vigorously, stems hard, enhance disease resistance; After the spring, it should be ploughed ± 3-4 times. In spring, the drainage should be cleaned to reduce the humidity in the field to prevent waterlogging and enhance the vitality of the roots. The flowering period of rapeseed should be removed in time to improve the field climate and reduce the field climate. Re-infect the source and control the spread of the disease.
4. Pesticide control When the rate of leaf disease of S. sclerotium at the initial flowering stage of rapeseed is more than 10%, and the rate of stem disease is 10%, pesticide control is carried out. 50% carbendazim WP 5000 times per hectare 750KG prevention and control 2-3 times; control downy mildew can be sprayed with 65% sensible zinc WP 2250G in water at the seedling stage and flowering stage; the control of rape virus disease is focused on controlling the diseases of mites, oil seedlings and transplanting After each application 1-2 times, when the flowering period 10% stems or inflorescences have aphids, each branch has 3-5 mites, each hectare with anti-gumbo 90-100G water 750-900KG, or 50% dichlorvos EC 800-1000 times solution, or 50% dimethoate 1000-1500 times solution.
First, the occurrence of major pests and diseases of rape
1. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a worldwide disease. It ranks first among the three major diseases in China. The loss of production in general years is 10%-20%, and the serious illness is 50%. In severe cases, it even exceeds 80%. The suitable conditions for sclerotial germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are: temperature of 5-20 degrees and soil relative humidity of 70-80%. Spring is from late February to April. If the temperature is between 8 and 20 degrees, the rainy, continuous field, over-planted, and poorly-watered fields are conducive to the occurrence of the disease, the stem is affected, the lesion is initially watery, the lesion is slightly sunken, and there is concentricity. The wheel pattern, the middle part is white, the edge is brown, and the border of the diseased health department is obvious. When the disease is serious, the diseased stem is covered with flocculent hyphae, so it is called white stalk, mildew stalk, etc., at this time the plant is dry or dead or early, it is visible. The cortex is longitudinally split. The petals are highly susceptible to infection, produce water-stained spots, and are easy to fall off. When high-humidity, the pods will grow white hyphae, and the mud-like sclerotia can be formed on the inside and outside of the diseased stem and on the pods.
2. Rape virus disease canola virus disease in the Yangtze River can be found in the rapeseed production area of ​​10-30%, more than 70% of the diseased field in the epidemic year, the resistance of susceptible rapeseed is reduced, susceptible to sclerotial disease, downy mildew Infection, etc. The symptoms on the stem are mainly dark brown spots with varying lengths, and even spread to form plaques. Later, they are longitudinally split, and there are white secretions at the cracks, which can cause the plants to die half or the whole plant. Rapeseed virus disease is also known as mosaic disease. The rapeseed mosaic virus is mainly transmitted by aphids. Generally, the temperature in autumn is 15-20 degrees. It is dry and rainless, which is good for the migration of aphids. The aphids can be poisoned by smoking for 3-5 minutes on the diseased plants. Moved to the rapeseed strain.
3. Downy mildew The incidence of this disease in the Yangtze River canola is generally 20-50% in the general year, and the yield per plant is 10-50%. After the stem branch and the peduncle are susceptible, the primary chlorotic spot is enlarged. Plaques, there are downy mildew on the spots, the pathogens are downy mildew of rapeseed, and the primary infestation source is mainly from the egg rests of the virus residues, soil and seeds over the winter and summer. After the onset of peduncle, the body is sometimes deformed, the flower becomes green, the swelling is "faucet", the surface is smooth, and there is a frosty mildew layer. When the disease is severe, it will fall and even the whole plant will die.
4. Rape locusts The Yangtze River basin is mainly dominated by radish mites. The mites are suitable for warmer and drier climates. The suitable temperature for fertility reproduction is 14-26 degrees and the relative humidity is 50-70%. Under suitable temperature conditions, there is no wind or no rain, the weather is dry, and the aphids breed very fast, so the aphids occur heavier in the late spring and early summer and autumn.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases of rape
1. Rotation and change of rapeseed and gramineous crop rotation can significantly reduce the accumulation of sclerotia in the field, thereby reducing the number of sclerotia.
2. Selection of mineral disease varieties The high-quality varieties of Brassica napus L. with strong stress resistance and comprehensive traits should be selected.
3. Timely sowing and strengthening field management work According to variety characteristics and climatic conditions, timely planting and transplanting; fertilization should be heavy base, seedling fertilizer, suitable for flower fertilizer, make rapeseed grow vigorously, stems hard, enhance disease resistance; After the spring, it should be ploughed ± 3-4 times. In spring, the drainage should be cleaned to reduce the humidity in the field to prevent waterlogging and enhance the vitality of the roots. The flowering period of rapeseed should be removed in time to improve the field climate and reduce the field climate. Re-infect the source and control the spread of the disease.
4. Pesticide control When the rate of leaf disease of S. sclerotium at the initial flowering stage of rapeseed is more than 10%, and the rate of stem disease is 10%, pesticide control is carried out. 50% carbendazim WP 5000 times per hectare 750KG prevention and control 2-3 times; control downy mildew can be sprayed with 65% sensible zinc WP 2250G in water at the seedling stage and flowering stage; the control of rape virus disease is focused on controlling the diseases of mites, oil seedlings and transplanting After each application 1-2 times, when the flowering period 10% stems or inflorescences have aphids, each branch has 3-5 mites, each hectare with anti-gumbo 90-100G water 750-900KG, or 50% dichlorvos EC 800-1000 times solution, or 50% dimethoate 1000-1500 times solution.
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