1. It is forbidden to apply nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. For example, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate, phosphorus nitrate, potassium nitrate and nitrate-containing compound fertilizers tend to cause nitrate accumulation in vegetables after application. Because 80% of the nitrates ingested by the human body come from vegetables, the nitrates are converted into nitrite under reducing conditions. The nitrites synthesize carcinogens, nitrosamines, with amines in the human intestines and stomach, leading to gastric cancer and esophagus. Cancer and other cancers and diabetes, as well as blood poisoning and brain, heart and other organs lack of oxygen, resulting in difficulty breathing, nausea and even death.
In addition, it is not suitable to apply chlorine. Fertilizers such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, etc., chloride ions can reduce the starch and sugar content of vegetables, so that the quality is deteriorated, the yield is reduced, and the residue in the soil is likely to cause decalcification of the soil, causing harden. Fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate are applied to the soil, and the sulfate ions decomposed are not easily absorbed by the vegetables and remain in the soil, which is harmful to the growth of vegetables. It is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate, which is easy to cause ammonia damage due to the volatile large amount of ammonia gas.
2. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Nitrogen fertilizer is an indispensable fertilizer for vegetable production, but it cannot be applied excessively. In order for vegetables to meet national and international standards for pollution, the nitrate content of vegetables must be reduced. To reduce the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, it should be determined according to the amount of fertilizer required by different vegetables. Generally, 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu is suitable. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied deep, and it should be applied with phosphorus or potassium fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer. After the soil should be covered in time, it is best to use fertilizer. Intubation or combined with drip irrigation under the membrane to reduce root loss, improve utilization, stop topdressing 20 before harvest.
3. Application of ecological organic fertilizer. Ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermentation of livestock manure. If the target is matched with different elements, a series of special fertilizers will be formed. The organic organic fertilizer content of ecological organic fertilizer can reach 45%, which can play the role of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution, and can also decompose pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Production of one ton of ecological organic fertilizer, such as fresh chicken drying 2 - 2.5 cubic meters, straw powder 0.2 - 0.3 tons, corn flour 5 kg, multi-dimensional composite enzyme bacteria 8 kg as raw materials. First, the chicken manure is baked and the straw powder is mixed with water, and the hand is kneaded into a dough. The fingers are sewed with water, but the water is not dripped, the hand is loose, and the water content is 45%. Then, the cornmeal and the multi-dimensional compound enzyme are added. Mix and mix again, leaving no green blocks. They are piled up in piles and covered with a film of insulation. It can be fermented and matured in 5-6 days in spring, summer and autumn, and mature in 7-10 days in winter. Generally, the pile is 1-3 days, and the temperature in the pile rises to 80 ° C to kill E. coli and eggs, which can eliminate the odor of chicken manure. Later, the compost becomes loose and dry with a scent of koji. After the compost is mature, it can be dried and dried for easy work. In addition, the application of bio-organic compound fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, improve soil, increase fertility, create a good environment for the growth of pollution-free vegetables.
4. Implementation of formula fertilization According to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables and soil fertility status, determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and the corresponding fertilization techniques. According to the research results of relevant departments, the maximum demand periods for greenhouse vegetables for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are: cucumber is 30-52 days after planting for 75-140 days, and sweet pepper is 30-60 days. The optimum fertilizer fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) was applied in a ratio of 1:0.67:1.83 for cucumber, 1:0.38:1.75 for tomato, and 1:0.38:1 for sweet pepper. Although vegetables require very little trace elements, they are essential. When using micro-fertilizers, the dosage should be as good as 0.1%-0.3% for ferrous sulfate and 0.05%-0.2% for zinc sulfate.
Borax is 0.3%-0.5%, ammonium molybdate is 0.02%-0.05%, and copper sulfate is 0.02%-0.04%. It can be combined with disease-proof spray Bordeaux mixture to treat disease and increase fertility. Or spray 0.1% -0.4% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% -0.3%. Note that leafy vegetables should not be foliar sprayed to avoid increasing nitrate content. It is not advisable to apply more diammonium phosphate. Generally, vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, and need less phosphorus. The potassium is needed most before and after flowering, and then gradually decreases.
5. Limit the use of hormones. Some vegetable farmers do not talk about the quality of vegetables. In order to pursue high yield, early maturity and morning market, the application of gibberellin (920), ethephon, paclobutrazol and other hormones promotes and ripens, greatly reducing the quality of vegetables, and people's long-term consumption is good for their health. Extremely disadvantageous.
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