The role of wintering crops before winter management Although the winter crops basically stop growing before winter, the roots still have certain absorption capacity for nutrients and water; although the cold winter poses a threat to crop growth, it is also good for killing pests and diseases. opportunity. The main role of pre-winter management: First, through appropriate fertilization and irrigation to cultivate strong seedlings or increase the nutrient reserves of the tree, to lay the foundation for the next year's growth and development, can play the role of two seasons in a season or two years in a year; Second, the winter is cold and the climate is changeable. The crops, especially the long-lasting wheat seedlings and fruit trees, are susceptible to freezing damage. The appropriate protection measures can ensure that these crops are safely overwintered. Third, winter pests and diseases are dormant or dormant. Hosts and spraying agents can prevent pests and diseases.
Winter Wheat Topdressing and Irrigation Techniques Before winter wheat begins to overwinter (average daily temperature 0 °C), the main goal of field management is to fully seed the plants, ensure the safe wintering of wheat, and create favorable conditions for normal spring greening and growth. For example, if the seedlings are strong and there is no shortage of water before winter, the next year, they can not be watered and fertilized during the greening period, thus avoiding the soil temperature reduction caused by irrigation, which is conducive to wheat returning to green. In addition to the high soil fertility and good moisture in the Wangmiao field, proper topdressing and irrigation should be carried out. The specific method should be tailored to the local conditions: the field with insufficient moisture (less than 12% soil moisture in 0~10 cm soil layer in the three-leaf period) It is necessary to stabilize the daily average temperature at 3 °C ~ 4 °C, that is, when the soil is frozen overnight, the winter water should be poured; the weak seedlings should be poured first, and the fermented seedlings should be poured afterwards, and the strong seedlings with sufficient bottoms can not be poured. It can be combined with irrigation water, but the amount of nitrogen applied should not be too large. Generally, 3~5 kg of urea per acre or 10~15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; for fields that are not fertilized, potassium or phosphorus or potassium, It is also possible to apply an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the ditch before irrigation.
Integrated pest control technology for apples and pests In the northern orchards such as apples and pear trees, the prevention and control of pests and diseases should be strengthened on the basis of the autumn base fertilizers before the winter: the orchards are deep. It is usually carried out in early November to thicken the active soil layer, promote new roots, and improve root vigor; kill the pests that overwinter in the soil by deep turning. The branches are trimmed. After harvesting the fruit, all the shoots that have not stopped growing and the branches of the later length are topped; the diseased branches, dense branches, cross branches and unusable long branches are cut off or shortened to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce nutrients. No loss. Qingyuan. In the dormant period of fruit trees, the orchard should be thoroughly cleaned to eliminate the overwintering insect source. At the same time, the diseased fruit, diseased branches and fallen leaves in the garden are removed, and they are burned or buried deeply. Chemical control. After the Qingyuan Park, spray the herbicide on the whole garden to eliminate the residual pests on the branches; before the leaves are frozen until the soil is frozen, prepare the whitening agent to brush the trunk and the main branches to reduce or avoid the freezing damage of the fruit trees and eliminate them. Wintering pests in the cracks of the trunk.
Citrus frozen damage comprehensive control technology Citrus is a southern evergreen fruit tree, which is more susceptible to freezing damage or snow disaster than northern deciduous fruit trees. In severe cases, the orange trees are covered with ice and snow, the branches are broken, and the leaves are curled; the young fruit trees and grafted parts are more susceptible to low temperature and freezing damage. It is necessary to start comprehensive prevention and control from two aspects: prevention before winter and treatment after ice and snow: irrigation. Water is irrigated 7 to 10 days before freezing to increase soil water content, stabilize water and maintain soil temperature. earth. The soil outside the garden is picked up or taken between rows, covering the roots and trunks close to the ground and covering and cultivating the young trees; the nursery is covered with straw and film. Wrap the trunk. For the big tree, the main trunk and the main branch base should be evenly painted with lime, and the trunk should be wrapped with straw, etc., and a film should be added on the outside to prevent cold and freeze. Smoked. On a sudden sunny night after the snow, smoke stacks were evenly distributed in the orangery, and smoked with residual leaves, weeds, straws, etc., to prevent frost after snow. Clear snow. After snowing, the snow on the orange trees was shaken in time, and the snow in the tree tray and the orangery was opened until the soil layer was seen, and the snow was sent out of the garden in time to prevent radiation from melting and melting snow.
Comprehensive management of the above technologies are aimed at the characteristics of different winter crops, and comprehensive management is required for production. For example, for winter wheat, it is necessary not only to fertilize and irrigate before winter, but also to promote the combination and build a reasonable group. For the rice buckwheat in the Yangtze River Basin, it is necessary to dig the "three ditch" and strengthen the field drainage; winter rapeseed should not only be applied with wax fertilizer, but also should be managed separately according to the seedling condition, and the weak seedlings should be weakened by fertilizer, and the seedlings should be controlled. Fertilizer water to prevent early convulsions; it is also necessary to prevent direct or indirect (carrying of viruses) damage to rapeseed, such as stems, mites, and diamondback moths; for apples, pears, citrus and other fruit trees, not only to prevent snow and ice disasters and pests, but also to pass The autumn base fertilizer and appropriate winter water will promote root growth and strengthen the tree nutrient reserve, laying a foundation for high quality and high yield in the next year.
In short, we must grasp key technologies and conduct comprehensive management.
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