Basic organization of steel materials
Basic organization of steel materials
Serial number | Name | Meaning |
1 | Grain and grain boundaries | A small crystal which is inconsistent in shape after metal crystallization and has a uniform internal arrangement direction is called a crystal grain. Grain boundary |
2 | Phase and phase boundary | In a metal or alloy, a homogeneous component having the same composition, the same structure, and an interface with each other is called a phase. Phase-to-phase interface |
3 | Solid solution | A solid phase formed by atoms in which another element is dissolved in a crystal of one metal element constituting the alloy is referred to as a solid solution. Solid solutions generally have high strength, good plasticity, corrosion resistance, and high electrical resistance and magnetic properties. |
4 | Metal compound | A solid phase with a metallic property, called a metal compound, formed by atomic interactions of different elements in an alloy, whose lattice type and properties are completely different from its constituent elements. |
5 | Austenite | Austenite is a solid solution in which carbon and other elements are dissolved in y-Fe. Austenite has face-centered cubic crystals, good plasticity, and generally exists at high temperatures. |
6 | Iron body | Ferrite is a solid solution in which carbon and other elements are dissolved in a-Fe. Ferrite has a body-centered cubic lattice with very little carbon, and its properties are very similar to those of pure iron. It is also called pure iron. |
7 | Cementite | Cementite is a compound of iron and carbon, also known as carbon triiron (Noc), which has a carbon content of 6.69% and has a complex character structure. Its performance is hard and brittle, almost no plasticity |
8 | Pearlite | Pearlite is a lamellar structure between iron and cementite. It is named for its fingerprint-like pearl luster. Its performance is between ferrite and cementite, moderate strength and hardness, and has good plasticity and toughness. |
9 | Sorbite | Also known as fine pearlite, it is a mixture of ferrite and cementite which austenite decomposes at a temperature lower than the pearlite formation temperature. The layer is thinner than the pearlite and can only be discerned under a high power microscope. Hardness, strength and impact toughness are higher than pearlite |
10 | Qulin | Also known as ultrafine pearlite, a mixture of ferrite and cementite formed by decomposition of austenite below the pearlite formation temperature. The layer is thinner than the sorbite. Its hardness and strength are higher than the Sorbite |
11 | Bainite | Bainite is a mixture of supersaturated ferrite and cementite. Bainite is further divided into upper bainite and lower bainite. The "upper bainite" formed at a higher temperature is feathery; the lower bainite formed at a lower temperature is needle-like or bamboo-like. Lower bainite has higher hardness and strength than upper bainite, and maintains certain toughness and plasticity. |
12 | Martensite | Martensite generally refers to a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in a-Fe. The hardness of martensite in steel increases with increasing carbon content. High carbon martensite is high in hardness and brittle, while low carbon martensite has high toughness. Martensite has the highest hardness in austenite transformation products |
13 | Leysite | It is a eutectic structure in carbon alloys. It consists of austenite and cementite at high temperatures and pearlite and cementite at low temperatures (below 727 °C). The carbon content is 4.3%, and the structure contains a large amount of cementite, so the hardness is high, and the plasticity and toughness are low. |
14 | Fracture inspection | Fracture organization is one of the quality indicators of steel. After the sample is grooved or broken, the fracture condition is checked with the naked eye or a magnifying glass, which is called a fracture test. The defect of the metal can be seen from the fracture |
15 | Tower turning Grain inspection | The steel is turned into a prescribed tower or stepped sample, and then the hairline is examined by acid etching or magnetic powder method. |
Note: Carbon content refers to the mass fraction.
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