Steel defect terminology
Serial number description
1 Roundness round section with rolled material, such as round steel and circular steel tube cross section, the diameter varies in all directions
2 Incorrect shape The cross-section geometry of the rolled material is skewed and uneven. Such as hexagonal steel with six sides, angle steel top angle, steel torsion, etc.
3 The thickness of each part of the thick and uneven steel plate (or steel strip) is different, some of them are thick and thin in the middle, some are thin and the middle is thick, and some head and tail difference exceeds the regulations.
4 The bending piece is not straight or curved in the length or width direction.
5 The length direction of the curved steel plate (or steel strip) is bent to one side in the horizontal plane
6 The scuffed steel plate (or steel strip) has both high and low undulating waves in the length or width direction, which makes it a "scrub" or "boat shape".
7 twisted strips are twisted into a spiral along the longitudinal axis
8 The material of the square, the rectangular square, and the rectangular cross section are not equal to the edges or the diagonal of the cross section
9 Pull marks (scratching) are straight grooves, visible to the naked eye to the local or full length of the steel.
10 Cracks are generally linear, sometimes Y-shaped, more consistent with the direction of drawing, but there are other directions, generally the opening is acute
11 Heavy-skin (scarred) The surface is tongue-shaped or fish-Peel-lifted sheet: one is connected to the body of the steel and is folded to the surface and is not easy to fall off; the other is not connected to the body of the steel, but Bonding to the surface is easy to fall off
12 Folded steel surface partially overlaps with obvious fold lines
13 The rust generated on the rust surface, the color is from apricot to black and red. After rust removal, there is a serious eclipse
14 hairline surface hairline is a very fine depth, hairline fine lines with a very small width, generally extending along the rolling direction to form fine lines
15 There is a partial and obvious separation of the metal structure on the section of the layered steel. In severe cases, it is divided into 2-3 layers, and there are visible inclusions between the layers.
16 The surface of the bubble is irregularly distributed in a circular shape with large and small convex hulls. The outer circle is relatively round, most of which is bulging, and some are not bulged and the surface is brightened by pickling, and the shear section is Layered
17 Pockmark (pock surface) The surface presents a local or continuous rough surface, with four pits of different shapes and sizes. In severe cases, there are orange-like skins, which are larger and deeper than the pockmarks.
18 oxidized color steel plate (or steel strip) after annealing, the surface is now light yellow, dark brown, light blue, dark blue or bright gray, etc.
19 Rolling surface has a strip or sheet of periodic roll printing, the embossed part is brighter, and there is no obvious convex and concave feeling
20 The performance of loose steel is not dense. After the slice is eroded by acid, it expands into many caves, which can be divided according to its distribution: general loose, center loose
21 The phenomenon of uneven distribution of chemical components and non-metallic inclusions in various parts of segregated steel. According to its form of expression, it can be divided into: dendritic, box-shaped, anti-segregation of point segregation, etc.
22 The shrinkage cavity remains in the center of the lateral acid immersion test piece, showing irregular voids or cracks. Excessive foreign matter remains in voids or cracks
23 Non-metallic inclusions saw some metallic luster on the lateral acid test strips, such as grayish white, beigeish dark gray, etc., residual oxides, sulfides, silicates, etc. in the steel.
24 Metal inclusions On the lateral low-profile test strips, some metal salts with metallic luster and apparently different metal base metals were observed.
25 When obscuring the observed microstructure, the decarburized structure is often observed on the base metal around the network oxide. Other metals such as copper and its alloys have copper oxide as a network or point along the grain boundary. Extension to the inside of the sample
26 White point It is a type of internal cracking of steel. A round or oval silver-white spot on the longitudinal fracture of the steel. In the transverse section after buffing and acid etching, it appears as a slender crack, sometimes in a radial distribution, sometimes parallel to the direction of deformation or irregularly distributed.
27 grain coarse acid leaching test piece has strong metallic luster
28 The phenomenon that the surface carbon content of decarburized steel is lower than that of the inner layer is called decarburization. The full decarburization layer means that the surface of the steel is all ferrite structure due to decarburization; partial decarburization refers to the structure where the carbon content of the steel is not reduced after the total decarburization layer
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