How to carry out maintenance and management of photovoltaic power plants

Foreword

From the actual experience of the current solar photovoltaic power plant operation and management, we must ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system operates safely, economically, and efficiently, and we must establish a standardized and effective management mechanism. In particular, we must strengthen the operation and maintenance management of the power plant.

Establish a sound technical document management system

For each power station, a complete and complete technical file data file must be established, and a special person should be responsible for the management of the power station technical files, so as to provide strong technical basic data support for the safe and reliable operation of the power station.

1. Establishing technical files and design drawings for construction of power station equipment

This is the basic technical file of the power station, which mainly includes: design and construction, as-built drawings, acceptance documents, basic working principles, technical parameters, equipment installation procedures and equipment commissioning procedures of all equipment; all operating switches, knobs, handles, and status and Explanation of signal indications; operation steps of equipment operation; items and contents of power station maintenance; operation schedule of maintenance schedules and all maintenance items; guidelines for troubleshooting of power plants, including detailed inspection and repair procedures, etc.

2. Establishing an information management system for power stations

The use of computer management system to establish power station information, a database for each power station, database content includes two aspects, one is the basic information of the power station, mainly include: meteorological geography data; traffic information; power station where the relevant information (such as population, households Number, public facilities, traffic conditions, etc.); related information of the power station (such as scale of power station construction, basic equipment parameters, construction time, power-on time, design and construction units, etc.). The second is the dynamic information of the power station, which mainly includes: (1) power station power supply information: electricity users, power supply time, load conditions, cumulative power generation, etc.; (2) faults occurred in power station operation and treatment methods: The detailed description and statistics of the faults that occurred during the operation and how to handle the faults.

3. Establish a power station operating profile

This work is an important basis for analyzing the operation status of the power station and formulating maintenance plans. Routine maintenance work is mainly to measure and record the daily working parameters of the system at different times. The main measurement records include: date, recording time, weather conditions, ambient temperature, battery room temperature, sub-matrix current, voltage, battery charging current, voltage Battery discharge current, voltage; inverter DC input current, voltage; AC distribution cabinet output current, voltage and power consumption; record people. When the power station fails, the operator of the power station must record the fault phenomenon in detail and assist the maintenance personnel in the maintenance work. After the fault is removed, it is necessary to fill in the “Power Plant Fault Maintenance Record Form”. The main records are: the name of the faulty device and the fault phenomenon. Description, fault occurrence time, troubleshooting methods, parts replacement records, maintenance personnel, and repair time. The patrol work of the power station shall be carried out regularly by professional and technical personnel. During the patrol inspection, the operation status and running status of each equipment of the power station shall be comprehensively inspected, and relevant parameters shall be measured. And carefully check the operator's daily maintenance and monthly maintenance records of the power plant, analyze the recorded data, and promptly guide the operators to perform the necessary maintenance work on the power station. At the same time, the problems found in the inspection work should also be comprehensively analyzed and evaluated for the operation status of the power station in this maintenance. Finally, a detailed summary report of the power station inspection work should be made.

4. Establish an operational analysis system

According to the file information of the power station operation period, relevant departments and technical personnel are organized to analyze the operation status of the power station, find out the existing problems in time, and propose practical and feasible solutions. Through the establishment of an operational analysis system, one is conducive to improving the technical staff's operational capacity, and the other is to improve the reliable operation of the power plant.

Improve the project content of maintenance management

Continuously summarize maintenance and management experience, formulate detailed inspection and maintenance project content, ensure that there will be no missing item inspection during inspection and maintenance, and the maintenance work level will be continuously improved.

Photovoltaic array

The design life can reach more than 20 years, and its failure rate is relatively low. Of course, environmental factors or lightning strikes may also cause damage to the components. Its maintenance work mainly includes:

Maintain the cleanliness of the photovoltaic array lighting surface. In areas with little rain and heavy sandstorms, it should be cleaned once a month. Rinse with clean water first, then dry the traces with a soft, soft cloth. Do not wash with a corrosive solvent, or wipe with hard objects. . The cleaning should be done in the absence of sunlight or sooner or later. It should be avoided that during the daytime, when the PV module is exposed to the sun's heat, the module is washed with cold water. The very cold water will break the glass panel of the PV module.

Periodically check whether the connection between the PV module boards is firm, and whether the connection in the square array connection box is firm and fasten as required; check whether the PV modules are damaged or abnormal, such as damage, disappearance of the grid lines, hot spots, etc.; check the PV The bypass diode in the module junction box is working properly. When there is a problem with the PV module, replace it in time and record the specific installation location of the PV array in detail.

Check whether the connection between the square brackets is firm, whether the connection between the brackets and the grounding system is reliable, and whether the connection between the cable metal skin and the grounding system is reliable, and if necessary, make a reliable connection; check if the lightning protection device inside the square grid junction box fails. Replace as needed.

2. Battery pack

Because photovoltaic power plants use solar energy to generate electricity, and solar energy is a discontinuous, unstable energy source, it is easy to cause the battery pack to overcharge, overcharge, and undercharge. The battery pack is the weakest link in the PV power plant. Periodically check and maintain the battery. Observe whether the battery surface is clean and there is no corrosion. If the shell is dirty, wipe it with a damp cloth and wash it with detergent. Observe whether the appearance of the battery is concave or bulging. At least once every six months, tighten the connection screws between the battery cells to prevent looseness and poor contact and cause other failures. In the maintenance or replacement of the battery, the tools used (such as wrenches, etc.) must be insulated to prevent short circuits. Discharge the battery and charge it in time. If the battery is not fully charged due to continuous rainy days, the power supply time of the power station should be stopped or shortened to avoid overdischarge of the battery. Power station maintenance personnel should perform regular and balanced charging of the battery, which is usually performed 2 or 3 times per quarter. For a long-term decommissioned battery (more than 3 months), it should be recharged and put into operation. In the winter, the battery room should be insulated. In the summer, the battery room should be ventilated. The battery room temperature should be controlled between 5°C and 25°C.

Each year, the battery is to be maintained for 1 or 2 times, mainly measuring and recording the parameters of the individual battery voltage and internal resistance. The actual measurement data is compared with the original data. Once the difference in the individual unit battery is found to increase, it should be replaced in time. .

3. DC controller and inverter

DC controllers and inverters are usually very reliable and can be used for many years. Sometimes due to poor design, electronic components may be damaged after long-term operation. Lightning strikes may also lead to damage to components. Check the connection between the controller, inverter and other devices regularly, check whether the ground connection of the controller and inverter is firm, and tighten it as required; check the components on the controller and the inverter's circuit board. Whether there is no welding phenomenon, with or without damage to components, welding or replacement as needed.

Check whether the operating parameter point of the controller is consistent with the design value. If not, adjust according to requirements. Check whether the controller display value is consistent with the actual measurement value to judge whether the controller is normal.

4 lightning protection device

Regularly measure whether the grounding resistance of the grounding device meets the design requirements; regularly check whether the parts of the equipment and the grounding system are connected reliably; if the connection is not reliable, it must be firmly welded; check the square manifold before the thunderstorm or the thunderstorm season arrives. And whether the lightning protection device installed in each device is ineffective, and replace it in time if necessary.

5. Low voltage distribution line

(1) The daily inspection of overhead lines is mainly to inspect the contents that endanger the safe operation of the line, detect defects in time, and perform necessary maintenance. The inspection and maintenance work mainly includes: whether there are covered houses underneath the overhead lines and stacking flammable materials; whether there is any danger of safe operation such as drilling, digging pits, earth taking and rain erosion, etc. near the overhead lines; whether the distance between the conductors and buildings is Meet the requirements; whether the wire is damaged, broken strands, whether or not hanging objects on the wire; whether the insulator is damaged, whether the insulator iron foot is curled and loosened, whether the tie line is loose; whether the pole tilt, foundation sinking, cement The phenomenon of sticking of rod concrete peels off; whether there is slack, broken strands, rust, pulling on bottom handle, uneven force, or damage to cable insulators.

(2) Lighting wiring

Lighting wiring includes access lines, entrance lines, and interior lighting lines. Because there are many opportunities for lighting wiring and indoor loads to come into contact with people, management and maintenance should be strengthened to ensure safe operation. The main maintenance work includes: whether the porcelain bottle has serious damage and fall off; whether the wall plate is skewed or falling off; whether the wire insulation is damaged, the core is exposed, and the slackness and elasticity are suitable; the support situation of various insulations is whether the support of the wire is firm; Pull the chaos phenomenon; whether the fuse box on the incoming line is complete, whether the fuse is qualified, the appearance of the wire and various wall-through tubes, and whether the fixed lead pickup of the incoming line is loose or not. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the distance between the receiving line and the building satisfies the relevant regulations and specifications.

Strengthen staff training

The training is mainly conducted on two personnel. The first is the training of professional and technical personnel. For the key issues and difficulties in operation and maintenance management, professional and technical personnel are organized to carry out internal training of various topics, and technical personnel are sent out. Conduct systematic and relevant knowledge training to improve the professional skills of professional technicians. Second, training of power station operators. This part of the staff is usually selected locally. Because of the low level of local people's culture, the training work starts with the most basic electrician. The basic knowledge is taught, and the theoretical knowledge training, special job training, practical operation training and the operation of the power station are learned. After the training, it should understand and master the basic working principle of photovoltaic power generation system and the functions of each equipment, and must be able to perform the daily maintenance work of the power station as required, and have the ability to judge the causes of general failures and solve them.

Create a smooth information channel

A special person is set up to be responsible for the contact with the power station operators and equipment manufacturers. When the power station fails, the operator can promptly submit the problem to the relevant department. At the same time, it can also notify the equipment manufacturer and maintenance personnel to repair the problem in time in the shortest possible time.

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