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In the world record of solar energy conversion rate, Australian scientists can always take the lead. As early as 2014, the Australian Institute of Science and Industrial Research (CSIRO) had acquired supercritical steam at ultra-high temperatures and pressures. In May of this year, engineers from the University of New South Wales increased the photoelectric conversion rate of solar energy to 34.5%. Just recently, the Australian National University (ANU) scientists have obtained a new record. They increased the conversion rate of solar photovoltaics to 97%.
Unlike photovoltaic solar panels that convert light directly into electricity, the Focused Solar Power (CSP) system reflects sunlight to a small receiver. When the receiver warms up, the stored water is converted into steam, which drives the turbine to generate electricity. These heat energy will be stored in the molten salt, replacing the expensive battery used in the traditional way, so that even if the sun goes down, the water can still be converted into water vapor until it finally produces electricity.
The "big plate" solar energy built in the Australian National University (ANU) uses a concave reflector with a condenser area of ​​500 square meters that will reflect sunlight to a receiver at the focal point. This is a brand-new receiver designed and produced by scientists from the Australian National University (ANU) School of Engineering and Computer Science. It will reduce heat loss during the conversion process to astonishing 97% conversion efficiency.
The new receiver uses a "top hat" shape design with a narrow width above. The light reflected from the mirror is concentrated on the water filling pipe around the receiver, which can heat the water to 500° and convert it into water vapor. In order to reduce heat loss, the steam that reaches the peak temperature will be firmly locked in the upper layer of the receiver, and even if heat loss occurs, it can be conducted into the lower water injection pipeline.
The ultimate goal of the study was to reduce the cost of solar power generation. The team is striving to reduce the cost of electricity for this power generation method to 12 cents per kilowatt-hour (approximately RMB 0.8). This will make solar power more competitive. This new design reduces the cost of solar thermal power by 10% and can supply electricity even at night.
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