A weather science study published by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the UK’s Nature recently found that the use of conventional fuels and biofuels in cruising situations compared to the use of conventional fuels can make aircraft engine particles Pollutant emissions are reduced by 50%-70%. For the first time, the study published important data on the environmental impact of the use of biofuels in flight, which helps to assess the potential of using aviation biofuels as a feasible strategy for mitigating climate change.

Richard Moore, a scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center, and his colleagues reported the results of an aerial survey of pollutant emissions from test aircraft. The test aircraft’s four engines either added regular Jet A aviation kerosene (a type that became US standard aviation kerosene since the 1950s) or mixed Jet Air kerosene and biofuel (from flaxseed oil) .

The researchers conducted observations on the research aircraft. The research aircraft flew behind the test aircraft. The distance between them was about 30 to 150 meters, and the flight height was 30,000 to 36,000 feet (9140 to 10,970 meters). The aerosol produced by the mixed biofuels Emissions are significantly lower than conventional fuels. However, the decline in high thrust conditions is less pronounced than in low and medium thrust situations.

The experiment also provides information on the types of aerosol particles emitted, which can help with modelling studies and assess whether the use of aviation biofuels is a viable strategy that can contribute to climate change mitigation. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)

Duplex Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger Tube

DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Duplex Stainless Steels Available

Yuhong Group supplies LDX2101, 2205, Ferralium 255, Zeron 100 and LDX2507 in the form of plate, sheet, strip, bar, pipe, tubing, pipe fittings, flanges and weld wire.

Duplex Stainless Steel Overview

Duplex Stainless Steels, also referred to as austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, are a family of grades with about equal proportions of ferrite and austenite. These steels have a duplex microstructure which contributes to their high strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Due to their high content of chromium, nitrogen and molybdenum, duplex steels offer good resistance to local and uniform corrosion. Duplex stainless steels have good weldability.

Today, modern duplex stainless steels can be divided into three groups:
Lean Duplex such as LDX2101
Standard Duplex such as 2205, the work-horse grade accounting for more than 80% of duplex usage
Super Duplex such as Ferralium 255 and Zeron 100 and LDX2507

Of the duplex grades, duplex 2205 is the most widely used. However, the super duplex steels like Zeron® 100 and LDX2507 are excellent for servicing severe corrosive environments, such as offshore and marine applications. Lean duplex 2101 is available as an economic alternative to 300 series stainless steels.

What are the Characteristics of Duplex Stainless Steels ?
Very good resistance to uniform corrosion
Very good resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion
High resistance to stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue
High mechanical strength
Good sulfide stress corrosion resistance
Good abrasion and erosion resistance
Good fatigue resistance high energy absorption
Low thermal expansion
Good weldability

In what Applications are Duplex Stainless Steels® used ?
Oil and gas equipment
Offshore technology
Seawater desalination plants
Chemical industry, especially when handling chlorides
Flue-gas cleaning
Desalination plants and seawater systems
Pulp and paper industry
Cargo tanks and pipe systems in chemical tankers
Firewalls and blast walls on offshore platforms
Bridges
Storage tanks
Pressure vessels, reactor tanks, and heat exchangers
Rotors, impellers and shafts

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