Chlorine poisoning accident case and rescue measures (a)

Section 1 Multi-person Chloride Poisoning Accident

Chlorine (Cl2) is a yellow-green, highly irritating, irritating gas. It is generated from the aqueous solution of salt by electrolysis, cooled, compressed into a liquid and stored in a cylinder for transport. Chlorine is a basic chemical raw material, widely used in many industries, such as the manufacture of hydrochloric acid, bleaching powder, phosgene, chlorinated benzene, chlorohydrin, perchloroethylene, etc., and in the pharmaceutical, paper, pesticide, printing and dyeing, electronics industry and drinking water. Chlorine should be used for disinfection. Chlorine poisoning may occur during production, storage, and use. Once a large number of chlorine leaks occur, many people become poisoned. If the rescue is not timely and effective, a fatal accident may occur.

Case 1

1. ACCIDENTS

When at 1:00 on September 7, 1979 at 5.55 pm, a section electrochemical factory liquid chlorine liquid chlorine is filling a job, a half-ton of liquid chlorine cylinder filled with a sudden crush of explosion. With the loud noise of the day, the entire factory is filled with haze. A large amount of liquid chlorine gasification, quickly forming a huge yellow-green gas column sky, mushroom-shaped, up to 40 meters. The explosion site has a diameter of 6m and a depth of 1.82m Deep hole. The section of collapsed factory building 414m2, in scene 67 of liquid chlorine cylinder, exploded five, the breakdown of 5, 13 wounded deformed, five tons of liquid chlorine tank leak breakdown, all within the plant The pipeline was broken down and deformed. During this time, rubble and cylinder fragments flew in the air, and there were tremors outside. In the center of the explosion there is a weight of 1735 kg The liquid chlorine cylinder was lifted vertically by the air , flying over 12m High-voltage wires fall after falling at 30m Outside the salt warehouse, the other weighs 1754kg Liquid chlorine cylinders washed by air to 20m Lotus pond outside. One piece weighs 1kg Cylinder fragments fly out of 830m , one piece weighs 72.5kg The cylinder head flies to 85m Outside the residents’ home, an old woman who had been swept by the age of 81 in the hospital died. Liquid chlorine was flushed out of these containers. The amount of chlorine leaked was 10.2 tons. At the time, the southeast wind was blowing at a wind speed of 3.7 m /s . A large amount of chlorine quickly spread in the direction of the northwest in a 60 ° fan shape with a central axis distance of 4,600 m . 7.35km 2 , a total of 32 residential areas and 6 production teams were exposed to different degrees of chlorine hazards, causing a large number of people to become acutely poisoned. There were 1,208 people affected by chlorine , of whom 429 were diagnosed with chlorine gas stimuli and were treated in outpatient clinics. In addition, 779 patients with varying degrees of acute poisoning were admitted to hospital. Among them, 459 were mild poisoning , accounting for 58.9 %; 215 were moderate poisoning , accounting for 27.6 %; 105 were severe poisoning , accounting for 13.5 %. Among them, 389 were men, accounting for 49.9 %; 390 were women , accounting for 50.1 %.

A total of 59 people died in the accident , including 18 deaths at the scene , and the rest were traumatic deaths . Another 41 people died of severe acute chlorine poisoning. Among them, 7 were severely toxic pulmonary edema, pink foam spitting from the mouth and nose, and died within minutes of admission. About 1 hour after the explosion, 12 people died of pulmonary edema. The rest also died one after another. The final death was 13 hours after the explosion . All those who died were adults over 16 years old, including 30 males and 11 females. 41 of the deaths are 50m away from the blast center Within the heavily polluted area, residents of the factory were able to climb up a high slope on the southeast side of the plant against the wind, so no one died of acute chlorine poisoning.

2. The rescue process

(1) Immediately establish rescue headquarters

The main leaders of the local people's government are in charge, and the Comrades of the Municipal Bureau of Chemical Industry, the Health Bureau, the Public Security Bureau, the Traffic Brigade, the Labor Bureau, the Finance Bureau, the Trade Union and other departments are participating. When the phone is about to accidents reported to a central office, the Ministry of Chemical Industry, local government and the provincial Department of Chemical and other higher authorities, and the organization of three command groups, live separately for risk and evacuation, rescue personnel poisoning, accident investigation cause of the explosion, learn from it.

(2) Risk management and evacuation to stop the escape of chlorine

At the time of the accident, a large amount of chlorine rushed out of the exploded cylinders, broken cylinders, and cracked pipelines and storage tanks. In order to prevent greater harm, controlling the escape of chlorine is a top priority. Section Zheng × × ignoring personal safety, rushed into the explosion site closed the liquid chlorine gasification valve, the valve connected to the liquid chlorine tank and the cylinder, the source of chlorine gas was initially cut off. The anti-chemical warfare units and fire brigade personnel sprayed water in large quantities to curb the spread of the chlorine gas that had escaped. By 4 o'clock the next morning, all the tanks and pipelines on the site were closed. Elimination of chlorine escape. Risk. More than 50 liquid chlorine cylinders remain on the scene of the liquid chlorine explosion. Some cylinders were impacted by explosion air waves and severely deformed; some were under the collapsed walls. If these cylinders re-explode, the chlorine gas escapes will pose a great threat to the people of the city. Must be cleared. Clearing it is extremely dangerous, and explosions may occur during the move. The rescue headquarters made a serious and detailed discussion and decided to take measures to relieve the pressure in the cylinder and open the cylinder valve from a distance, and prepare explosion-proof sand bags, liquid caustic soda, and liquid caustic soda fire engines. Organize medical staff to prepare rescue medicines on the spot.

evacuation

The radius of the 400m In the danger zone, all personnel in the danger zone must carry out emergency evacuation. A total of 80,000 people were evacuated from the danger zone ( a quarter of the city's population ) . After nine hours of intense fighting, the plan was finally realized, eliminating all dangers and eliminating the possibility of recurrence of a vicious accident.

(3) Rescue poisoning personnel

After the accident, 11 medical units in the city accepted the task of treating poisoned patients. In the absence of occupational disease professionals and lack of rescue experience and drugs, they treated all patients and made a lot of work to get poisoned patients to receive treatment and treatment. The central leadership of the Ministry of Chemical Industry and attaches great importance to the rescue work, expert organizations near the provincial city of positive support, have organized 12 medical teams consisting of 90 people rushed to the scene to participate in rescue work. About 2 tons of medicines and equipment were brought by the Shanghai Medical Team to the scene of the accident the next day and they played a very good role in the rescue. Local medical teams and local medical personnel jointly studied rescue plans to rescue critical patients and effectively stopped the deaths of poisoned personnel. In order to facilitate clinical treatment and aftercare, the Medical Rescue Team developed the “Differential Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Chlorine Poisoning” and a unified treatment plan ( there was no national diagnostic criteria at that time ) . The patients were examined one by one, and the diagnosis and classification were clearly defined. The focus of salvage was clarified. The treatment was carried out according to the plan. The cured person was discharged in a timely manner and a review, follow-up clinic was set up, and medical treatment was organized. After the above treatment, all but 20 severe patients were quickly cured.

(4) Incident investigation

In order to understand the causes of accidents, learn lessons and prevent similar accidents from recurring, conduct serious investigations on the accidents. Photographed the scene of the accident. At the risk and clean-up site, pay attention to collecting data and analyzing related samples. The accident investigation component consists of three groups, namely, the on-site investigation team, the physical chemistry team, and the comprehensive analysis team, and work separately. After more than two months of investigation and simulation tests, the cause of the explosion was finally ascertained due to the chemical explosion caused by the instillation of chlorinated paraffin into the cylinder.

3. Discussion

1 This case occurred in an accident. The number of people poisoned, the number of deaths, the great harm, and the large economic losses are rare in the country. It is the largest accident in the chemical system since the founding of New China. From the central government to local governments, governments at all levels attach great importance to the rescue of accidents. The Ministry of Chemical Industry has sent a six- member working team led by the deputy ministers . Twelve medical teams consisting of 90 people from both inside and outside the province have participated in the rescue work from Shanghai. Transferred 2 tons of medical equipment for rescue use. It can be said that a great deal of work has been done in the area of ​​emergency rescue. It has also effectively controlled the deaths of poisoned patients and allowed the poisoned patients to receive treatment and rehabilitation.

However, there is no occupational disease prevention agency in this Municipality, and there are no full-time doctors for occupational diseases. All hospitals lack the knowledge of chlorine poisoning. After the accident, thousands of poisoned patients were sent to various hospitals in a short period of time. The medical personnel did not have mental preparations, the hospital beds were not enough, and the shortage of medical supplies and equipment caused the work order to be disordered and the medical effects were poor. Within a few hours, dozens of poisoned patients died. From the analysis of the death time of 41 poisoned dead patients, more than half of the patients died within 1 to 2 hours after the accident , and the last case of the dead patient was only 13 hours away from the accident . This shows how important it is for the rescue of critically ill patients to be based on the local and based on the scene. For many years, the chemical system has repeatedly emphasized that all chemical companies capable of acute poisoning in many people must formulate emergency plans for acute poisoning. This is the reason. He also emphasized that the plan should not only be written on paper, but also be practiced every year and be persistent. Each medical personnel should be familiar with rescue techniques and operational skills. Once an acute poisoning accident occurs, it can be rescued at the scene and near the scene to reduce casualties.

2 The accident of this example can be seen that the long-term implementation of the principle of safe production by the power plant has not been effective, and safety work has not been done while grasping production. Without the establishment of a normal safety production management system, chlorine cylinders containing more than 100 kg of liquid paraffin were not detected, mixed with other chlorine cylinders and filled with liquid chlorine, resulting in a chemical explosion. It can thus be seen that all enterprises that produce and use chemical poisons conscientiously implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first", establish a sound safety management system, and strictly implement them to remove hidden accidents in a timely manner, which is fundamentally avoided. Similar accidents are necessary to prevent the occurrence of multiple acute poisonings.

In addition, the number of poisonings caused by this accident is so numerous that it is directly related to the establishment of the plant site in densely populated residential areas. After the liquid chlorine cylinder exploded, a large amount of chlorine gas diffused into the residential area with the wind, causing many people to become poisoned. Therefore, chlor-alkali plants, chemical fertilizer plants, coking plants, and other sites must all have safety barriers at a certain distance from residential areas.

Liquid chlorine plugging tools

GRS Liquid Chlorine Cylinder Leakage New Plugging Tool Set

GRS Liquid Chlorine Cylinder Leakage Plugging Tool Kit is the newly developed leaking tool for leaking liquid chlorine cylinders. This tool set completely eliminates the dangers of original pressure change valves and is safe and easy to operate. It is a new generation of Plugging tools with pressure.

In the event of liquid chlorine leakage, personnel participating in the emergency handling of chlorine gas cylinder leakage accidents shall obtain necessary physical and chemical properties of chlorine and liquid chlorine, toxicity characteristics, and first-aid poisoning information, and be familiar with the use of chlorine gas cylinder emergency plugging tools. Leakage disposal of leaking chlorine cylinders. Workers entering the isolation area should wear positive pressure self-contained air breathing apparatus and wear protective clothing. During the transportation, liquid chlorine cylinders leaked, vehicle drivers and escorts were equipped with canister-type gas masks, and vehicles were transported to unmanned remote areas for disposal. It was forbidden to stay in crowded or traffic-critical areas.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.