Crop fertilization to guard against the eight misunderstandings

In the mountainous areas, farmers have lower levels of farming, especially in terms of fertilization. There are many misunderstandings, and it is prone to improper fertilization, resulting in poor fertilizer efficiency, slow effect, and even plant death. Therefore, in the process of fertilization, we should pay attention to the following aspects:

    I. Misunderstanding 1: When fertilizing, it is close to the stem of the plant, and the fertilizer is easily absorbed.

     This is a phenomenon that exists in rural areas, and this method of fertilization has great harm. Because the part of the plant that absorbs nutrients is in the root hair area, the plant stems and roots (except the root hair area) absorb little or no nutrients. When fertilizing, it is close to the stem of the plant (except the seedling stage), and the fertilizer is away from the nutrient absorption site of the plant. Far, so it is not easy to be absorbed. If the fertilization is too much and the concentration is too large, the phenomenon of “burning seedlings” is likely to occur. Therefore, when fertilizing, the fertilization position should be determined according to the growth of the plant's shoots and the root growth of the shoots to ensure the fertilization effect.

    2. Misunderstanding 2: After the crops are deficient, fertilize again.

     After the fertilizer is applied, it takes 3-5 days in the paddy field to be absorbed and utilized by the crop. It takes 5-7 days for the dry land to be absorbed and utilized. Therefore, if the crop is deficient after fertilization, the crop deficiency time will be lengthened. The production is reduced. Therefore, the fertilization work should be carried out according to the characteristics of crops requiring fertilizer. The paddy field should be fertilized 5-7 days in advance, and the dry land should be fertilized 8-10 days in advance. At the same time, the nutrient absorption of crops is also related to light, temperature, water, fertilization methods (such as dry application, drenching, root dressing, etc.). Strong light, high temperature, and sufficient water will accelerate the absorption of crop nutrients. On the contrary, the absorption will slow down. The root dressing is directly absorbed by the leaves because of the nutrients. Therefore, it can be applied slowly, but the concentration is low to prevent damage to the leaves. The leaching can directly infiltrate the fertilizer into the root of the plant, and it can be applied quickly. It can also be applied slowly. The dry application is slow and should be applied early.

    Third, the misunderstanding three: as long as the crops grow well, they can get high yield

     The growth of crops includes two stages of vegetative growth and reproductive growth (except for leafy vegetables and meat stems). Applying nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of growth can promote vegetative growth. However, if nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the reproductive growth period, it will cause crop greed, affect reproductive growth, hinder the conversion of nutrients, and reduce yield and quality. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out according to the growth of crops. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor to promote vegetative growth, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined in the middle and late stages to promote reproductive growth and increase yield.

    The types and amounts of nutrients required for the whole growth period of various crops and different growth periods are different. If the fertilizer is not fertilized according to the fertilizer characteristics of the crop, the first is to cause the crop to suffer from deficiency, stress resistance and disease resistance, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Second, the demand for some crops is small or not absorbed. The residue or loss of nutrients causes waste of fertilizer. Therefore, the type and quantity of fertilization should be determined according to the growth characteristics of the plant, and the fertilizer effect should be fully exerted.

    V. Misunderstanding 5: As long as the fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer effect of fertilizer fertilization will be related to soil characteristics, crop nutrient absorption characteristics, fertilizer nutrient release characteristics, water, gas, heat and other conditions. If the factors are not fully considered , it is easy to cause nutrient loss, lack of fertilizer and other phenomena. The sandy soil has quick fertilizer effect, but the loss is also fast. Therefore, it should be carried out according to the principle of less application and multiple application. The clay loam is slow in fertilizer application, and the base fertilizer should be applied and the top dressing should be applied early. Potassium fertilizer is easy to dissolve, but the loss is also fast. Therefore, it should be fertilized according to the potassium requirement of the crop. The organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer have slow effect and less loss. It should be applied early, and the ammonium carbonate is highly volatile. It can be combined with organic fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer.施 Fertilization after 1-2 days can reduce the loss of nutrients.

    Sixth, Misunderstanding 6: Only pay attention to the amount of fertilization, not pay attention to nutrient content

     Some compound fertilizers appearing on the market today are widely used in rural areas due to lower unit prices. These compound fertilizers generally have low levels of active ingredients or low or no content of one of the three major elements. However, farmers pay insufficient attention to these conditions and continue the fertilization habit of high-content compound fertilizers. Insufficient phosphorus and potassium cause crop shortage and deficiency, affecting yield and quality. Therefore, when using these compound fertilizers, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in these compound fertilizers should be fully understood, and according to the fertilizer characteristics of various crops, combined with the use of single-element fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to ensure the normal growth of crops.

    Seven, misunderstanding seven: more fertilization, high efficiency

    According to the principle of diminishing returns, when the fertilization reaches a certain amount, the input-output ratio decreases, and the benefit decreases. If too much fertilization, it will result in reduced production. Therefore, according to the fertilizer characteristics of the whole growth period of the crop, soil fertility, crop planting density, etc., the principle of sufficient supply but not waste should be found to find the best fertilization scheme for fertilization, give full play to fertilizer efficiency and increase economic benefits.

    Eight, misunderstanding eight: pay attention to a large number of elements, neglecting trace elements

     A large number of elements are the basic elements for the growth of crops, but some crops require a certain amount of trace elements or a trace of trace elements in the soil during the whole growth period or a certain growth period. If the trace elements are not added, the plant will be deformed. Falling flowers and fruit, product yield and quality decline. Therefore, while applying a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, it is necessary to apply various trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc and boron to ensure the normal growth of crops in accordance with the fertilizer characteristics of the crops and the composition of soil nutrients. .

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