Chestnut is a perennial fruit tree. It takes a lot of nutrients to harvest fruits every year. Rational fertilization is one of the important measures to promote the robustness of trees, enhance resistance and prolong the number of years of results, and obtain high yield and stable yield.
First, the characteristics of fertilizer
Chestnut showed a significant seasonal variation in the absorption of NPK. The absorption of nitrogen increased gradually before germination, leaf growth, flowering, new shoot growth, and fruit expansion period, and the fruit expansion period was the peak of absorption after the new shoots were stopped. The absorption of phosphorus gradually increases after flowering. Potassium absorption increases rapidly after flowering and reaches its maximum during fruit expansion. In addition, in addition to the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, chestnut is particularly sensitive to medium amount of elemental magnesium and a small amount of elemental manganese, boron, such as boron deficiency, which will lead to empty chestnut. According to the characteristics of the above nutrient requirements of chestnut trees, the rational ratio and application of NPK should be applied in fertilization, and the medium and trace mineral nutrients necessary for chestnut trees should be supplemented.
Second, fertilization technology
Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for the whole growth and development of chestnut trees. It requires complete elements and coordinated proportions, mainly based on organic fertilizer, and with appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron fertilizers. The base fertilizer is generally applied after harvesting in the autumn, combined with deep turning. For the chestnut trees in the high-yield garden, the ring-shaped ditch along the canopy or the radial ditch-centered way of the trunk can be adopted. The fertilized farmyard manure is 2000-3000 kg or the commercial organic fertilizer is 100-200 kg, and the potassium sulfate-type compound fertilizer is 0.5. Kg/plant, 100 g of borax (or 50 g of boric acid) is evenly sprinkled into the ditch, and mixed with the soil to fill the ditch.
Topdressing: Topdressing is divided into two. For the first time before and after germination, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer was the main method, and 0.5 kg/strain of potassium sulfate-type high-nitrogen compound fertilizer could be applied, which could effectively promote the growth of new shoots and flower bud differentiation. The second time is carried out in the early stage of fruit expansion after flowering, and potassium sulfate-type high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer is applied 0.5-1.0 kg/plant, which can promote fruit enlargement and increase yield and fruit quality.
Top dressing: In the growing season from May to July, pesticides should be sprayed in combination with pest control, and manganese and magnesium should be added to supplement the micro-fertilizer to extend the functional period of the leaves, improve the quality of pollen fertilization, prevent fruit drop and avoid open space formation. , increase the weight of nuts single.
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