US media claimed that scientists at the US Department of Energy’s Berkeley Lawrence National Laboratory use the power of photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into fuel and ethanol, which is far more efficient than plants. This result is an important milestone in the process of moving towards sustainable fuel sources.
According to the US Daily Science website on September 18, many systems have successfully converted carbon dioxide into chemical and fuel precursors such as carbon monoxide or a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (known as syngas). This new achievement has successfully demonstrated for the first time a method from carbon dioxide directly to target products (ie, ethanol and ethylene), and the energy conversion efficiency is comparable to that of the natural counterpart. A study published in the United States "Energy and Environmental Science" magazine described the results.
The researchers optimised the components of an opto-electrochemical system to reduce voltage losses and create new materials when existing materials are insufficient.
“This is an exciting development,†said lead researcher at the Berkeley Lawrence National Laboratory, Joel Agar. “With the rising atmospheric CO2 levels changing the Earth’s climate, the need to develop sustainable energy sources is changing.†More and more urgent. Our research shows that we have a feasible way to get fuel directly from the sun."
This route from the sun to fuel is one of the important goals of the solar energy fuel research promoted by the Joint Photosynthesis Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) established by the DOE Innovation Center in 2010.
The JCAP study initially focused on the efficient decomposition of water during photosynthesis. After making use of several types of equipment to basically accomplish this task, JCAP scientists who are researching on the reduction of carbon dioxide driven by solar energy have begun to focus on achieving similar efficiency to water decomposition. Many people think this is the next big challenge in the field of artificial photosynthesis.
Another research group at the Berkeley-Lawrence National Laboratory is focusing on a specific component of the electro-optical system to meet this challenge. In a study published today, they described a new type of catalyst that can use the lowest energy input to convert carbon dioxide into multiple carbons.
For this study of JCAP, the researchers designed a complete system to work at different times of the day, not just in the case of primary light energy solar illumination, which is equivalent to the peak brightness at noon on sunny days. They change the light source brightness and show that the system is still effective even at low brightness.
New components developed by the researchers include a copper-silver nano-cathode cathode and a yttria nanotube anode. The former converts carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates, which oxidize water and make oxygen.
Age said: "The attractive feature of nano-Coral is that, like plants, it can produce target products under a wide range of conditions, and it is very stable."
Because carbon dioxide is a very stable molecule, the decomposition of carbon dioxide molecules generally requires the input of considerable energy.
The first author of the study, Dr. Gurudayar, a postdoctoral researcher at the Berkeley-Lawrence National Laboratory, said: "The conversion of carbon dioxide to ethanol and final products of hydrocarbons such as ethylene may require up to 5 volts from start to finish. Our system reduces the voltage by half, while maintaining product selectivity."
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