Moisture is very important for apple trees, but there are many problems with watering in the actual management process. For example, improper irrigation methods lead to waste of water resources and soil compaction; the period of irrigation cannot be coordinated with the law of water demand of apples; only the irrigation does not pay attention to conservation; the rainy season does not pay attention to drainage and flood control.
Recently, many netizens asked if Xiaobian Orchard can water it now. Let's talk to everyone about the watering of the orchard today.
　　
First, several major water demand periods of apple trees
1. Germination stage: The soil water content should reach 70-80% of the field water holding capacity.
2. Flowering period: The soil water content should reach 60-70% of the field water holding capacity.
3. Critical period of flower bud differentiation: The soil water content should reach 50%-60% of the field water holding capacity.
4, fruit expansion period: soil water content should reach 80% of the field water holding capacity.
5. Maturity: The soil content should reach 80% of the field water holding capacity.
6. Dormancy period: The soil water content should reach more than 80% of the field water holding capacity.
Second, the apple orchard irrigation period
It should be comprehensively determined according to the water demand, climate characteristics and soil moisture status of apple trees in different phenological periods:
1, the budding period. In the spring, apple trees sprout and shoot, and flower buds are spawned. At this time, spring drought often occurs, and timely irrigation can promote spring growth, increase leaves, increase flowering potential energy, and delay phenological periods to varying degrees to alleviate the damage of spring cold and night frost. Generally in the middle of March is appropriate.
2, before and after the flowering period. Excessive drought in the soil will cause the apple flowering period to advance, and the concentration will come, the flowering is weak, and the fruit setting rate is low. Appropriate irrigation before flowering, so that the flowering period has good soil moisture, can significantly improve the fruit set rate. However, when the soil moisture condition is good before the flowering period, it is not advisable to irrigate the water, otherwise the new shoots will grow and compete for nutrients, causing the fruit set rate to decrease. Watering after flowering helps cell division, high fruit piles, and promotes shoot growth. Generally, it is suitable for the middle and late April, except for special years.
3, new shoots and young fruit expansion period. The spring is prosperous, the young fruit cells are rapidly dividing, and the water demand is large. At the same time, the temperature is rising and the evaporation is large. It is necessary to keep the water supply sufficient. Otherwise, the apple fruit may be small, deformed, skewed, etc. .
4, flower bud differentiation period. This period requires less water, and when it has a lot of water, it will affect the flowering.
5. Fruit expansion period. The rapid expansion period of the fruit is the second critical period of water demand, the temperature is high, the leaf curtain is thick, the fruit is rapidly expanding, and the water demand is large. However, at this time, most fruit areas enter the rainy season, generally do not need irrigation, and need to pay attention to drainage and flood control. Of course, the specific situation still needs to be judged by actual conditions.
6. Before fruit harvesting. During this period, the temperature gradually decreased, the water of the fruit leaves decreased, and the air had a certain humidity, which was conducive to fruit coloring. However, when the water is excessive, it affects the coloration of the fruit, and when the water fluctuation is large, it is easy to cause cracking. Therefore, in this period of drought, the tree can be sprayed with water in the morning and evening, and no water should be poured. When the rain is heavy, be sure to pay attention to draining or drying the roots.
7, sealing and watering. Water should be watered before freezing in the fall, and the amount of water should be large. The root system has a period of growth before the tree is partially dormant. This is to increase the root growth, increase the root absorption, increase the storage nutrients of the tree, not only can meet the water needs of the fruit trees in the dormant period, but also prevent the freezing and freezing of the branches and the freezing damage of the trees.
8, life-saving water. Of course, sometimes Tiangong does not make beauty. In the year of drought, when the soil water content is greatly reduced, especially below the coefficient of wilting (that is, the water content when the plant cannot recover normal physiological function due to lack of water), it should be immediately watered. Trees, so as not to cause too much drought to cause tree death.
Third, the apple garden's water status judgment
It is generally believed that the optimum moisture content of the apple orchard soil is 60%-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Watering needs to be considered when the soil water content is less than 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
If only the appearance of drought such as leaf wilting is used to determine the need for irrigation, it is already late and its root system has been damaged. Then, how to make simple judgments through intuitive methods! You can use hands to test and visually judge the results: the loam or sandy loam soil can be clumped by hand, and when it is squeezed, the soil mass is not easy to be broken, generally it is not necessary. Irrigation; if the soil cannot be formed after the fingers are loosened, it proves that the soil moisture is too low, and the water is to be poured; the soil is clay loam, which can form a dough when pinched, but it is easy to crack when gently pressed, which proves that the moisture content is small, to be carried out. Irrigation.
Fourth, the amount of irrigation in the apple orchard
The most suitable irrigation amount should be such that the soil moisture within the root distribution range is optimal for the growth and development of the fruit trees in one irrigation. Soils that only infiltrate the surface layer of the soil or the roots of the upper layer cannot achieve the purpose of irrigation, and due to repeated irrigation, it is easy to cause soil compaction and the soil temperature is lowered. Therefore, it must be filled once, and the deep soil needs to be infiltrated with soil for more than 50-60 cm.
The specific irrigation period and irrigation amount should be flexibly controlled according to weather conditions and tree growth conditions. In most cases, water should be irrigated from pre-emergence to flowering, new shoot growth and young fruit expansion, rapid fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation, and post-harvest to dormancy. Different tree types should also be treated differently. Trees with strong growth potential should ensure water supply, while prosperous trees should properly control water. Especially for new shoots, long-term water control is beneficial to control the growth of flowers. For young trees, except before germination. In addition to the irrigation in autumn, the new shoots can not be watered as long as the leaves are not wilting. In addition, the amount of irrigation should be combined with the soil management method, and the coverage of the orchard can appropriately reduce the amount of irrigation.
Fifth, the irrigation method of the apple orchard
The irrigation methods of apple orchards mainly include underground irrigation and ground irrigation. Ground irrigation has advanced drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation and combined development of cool irrigation.
Of course, there are traditional methods of flood irrigation, tree tray irrigation, furrow irrigation, and hole irrigation. Flood irrigation wastes water and destroys the soil structure. Therefore, traditional orchard can adopt furrow irrigation, uniform soil infiltration, less evaporation and water leakage, and overcome the shortcomings of flooding to deteriorate soil structure. Acupoint irrigation can be used in areas where water resources are relatively scarce.
(Source: Fruit Industry Network)
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