How to protect radioactive material

According to a study released by the National Radiation Protection Commission recently, in 2006, when Americans were examined by clinical imaging, the amount of ionizing radiation they received per capita was nearly five times higher than in 1998. The report warns that the side effects of radiological medical examination cannot be ignored.

The main classification methods for radioactive materials:

First, according to its physical state can be divided into solid, liquid, powder, grain, gas radioactive materials;
Second, according to the radiation they release, they can be divided into α, β-ray radioactive articles, β, γ-ray radioactive articles, α β γ-ray radioactive articles, and neutron streams.
Third, according to their methods of acquisition, they can be divided into natural radionuclides and artificial radioactive materials;
Fourth, according to its toxicity can be divided into very toxic, highly toxic, toxic, low toxicity;
Fifth, according to its storage management, it can be divided into a class of radionuclides, chemical products of Class II radioactive chemical reagents, three types of radioactive mineral sands, and four other types of articles coated with radioactive luminescent agents.

Radioactive materials can easily cause a large area of ​​radioactive contamination and require high disposal technology. In the process of using, storing, transporting, maintaining, scrapping, and decommissioning, there is a possibility of a radioactive leak, but the victim is often not aware of it. It can be transmitted through radiation polluted air and water. The disposal process is extremely complicated. There are special technical requirements for the detection, control, personal protection, and evacuation and rescue of the source of leakage. The following briefly describes the protective measures for radioactive substances:

Time protection of radioactive substances

We know that the amount of radiation received by the human body increases with time, so we must think of ways to reduce the contact time, which requires the operator to be fully prepared before the radiation operation, so as to be proficient, fast, or work Personnel are replaced alternately to prevent exposure to high-dose radiation;

Radioactive material distance protection

The greater the distance from the source, the smaller the energy of the ray. According to this characteristic of radioactive substances, in daily operations, mechanical operation methods are used as far as possible to increase the distance between humans and radioactive sources, so as to achieve effective protection. However, it should be noted that distance protection measures are not applicable to neutron beams;

Protection against radioactive substances

Although the amount of radiation received by the human body can be reduced by controlling the time and distance, in order to achieve the purpose of ionizing radiation application and the effective control and operation of the irradiation program, it is not allowed to objectively shorten the exposure time and increase the distance, in order to achieve effective For protection purposes, a shielding material that can effectively absorb radiation can be placed between the operating site and the radiation source or the radiation device, so as to reduce or eliminate the harm of the radiation to the human body.

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