The electric spindle is a new technology that integrates the machine tool spindle and the spindle motor in the field of machine tools in recent years, and is widely used in medium and high-grade CNC machine tools. Together with linear motor technology and high-speed tool technology, it will push high-speed machining to a new era. However, unfortunately, as one of the important components of the numerical control machine tool components, the localization rate of the electric spindle is very low, and 60% of the electric spindle used in the current CNC machine tools needs to be imported. In this regard, the relevant experts pointed out that the localization of the electric spindle is not technically difficult, so it is necessary to increase its development. If we do not improve the localization rate of the electric spindle, relying on imports will not only waste more foreign exchange, but also restrict the self-satisfaction rate of CNC machine tools in China.
"midfield" industry
The electric spindle specifically refers to a set of components, including the electric spindle itself and its accessories: electric spindle, high frequency frequency conversion device, oil mist lubricator, cooling device, built-in encoder, tool change device, and the like. The technical level of the electric spindle, the performance of the performance and the overall social support level, directly determine and affect the technical level and performance of the CNC machine tool, but also restrict the development speed of the host. International high-performance, high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tools generally use electric spindle units. In multi-joint composite machining machines, multi-axis linkage polyhedron machining machines, parallel machine tools and flexible machining units, electric spindles have the irreplaceable superiority of mechanical spindles.
The price of electric spindles ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and it accounts for a certain proportion in the cost structure of machine tools. The quality, performance and level of the electric spindle largely determine the quality, performance and level of the whole machine. For this reason, Japanese scholars collectively refer to the functional component industry including the electric spindle as the "midfield" industry, taking its football. The meaning of the term "midfield" is to indicate that it is in the "midfield" position in the industrial chain from raw materials to the whole machine. Another meaning is that whether it can control the "midfield".
The role of the electric spindle in CNC machine tools is becoming more and more important, mainly because the spindle speed required by the current machining process is getting higher and higher, so the high speed is increasingly becoming a measure of a product level. Whoever used the higher speed spindle first, who has a hard card in the fierce competition. Therefore, the development trend of electric spindles is to replace the traditional spindles produced by various machine tool manufacturers with high-quality electric spindles produced by professional manufacturers, thereby improving the rotational speed of CNC machine tools and strengthening the competitiveness of CNC machine tools.
Domestic electric spindles rely heavily on imports
China's machine tool industry has a large demand for electric spindles, and it has an increasing trend year by year. This is mainly determined by 2 points. First, the demand for electric spindles in domestic machine tools is more than 6,000 a year. According to preliminary statistics, in 2003, the annual demand for various types of electric spindles in China was about 6,000. Among them, there were only about 1,000 electric spindles for CNC machine tools, and about 60% were imported electric spindles. According to Zhong Hong, secretary general of the Spindle Functional Components Committee, the current domestic production capacity of electric spindles is about 2,400 sets, while the domestic demand is 8,000 sets, so the supply and demand gap is nearly 6,000 sets. With an average price of 80,000 yuan per set, the import value will reach 400 million yuan. Second, according to the “10·5†development plan of the machine tool industry, by 2005, the output of CNC machine tools in China will reach 60,000 units, and the proportion of CNC machine tools using electric spindles will increase from 2% to about 10%. It is estimated that by 2005, the number of electric spindles for CNC machine tools will surge to 6,000, accounting for about 50% of the total demand for electric spindles. It will become the main force in the electric spindle market instead of the market position of electric spindles.
Faced with such a large demand for electric spindles, the production of domestic electric spindles has not kept up. This is not because the development of China's electric spindles is slow. In fact, as early as the 1950s, China's bearing industry has begun to study the production of electric spindles. At present, the production of domestic electric spindles is most famous for the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute. It has produced electric spindles for internal hole grinding for more than 40 years. In recent years, the machining center, high-speed milling machine and lathe electric spindle have been developed and put into use with domestic high-speed machine tools and domestic parallel machine tools. So far, it has developed into 15 series, more than 100 varieties, with power ranging from 0.2 to 75 kW and a maximum speed of 150,000 r/min.
The reason why domestic electric spindles rely heavily on imports is that the quality of domestic electric spindles is not guaranteed, except for the fact that the output has not kept up. At present, China has developed a spindle with a spindle power of 2.5 kW to 29 kW and a torque of 4 to 86 N.m, which can be applied to CNC machine tools and machining centers, and has been equipped with some domestic CNC machine tools. However, in general, compared with foreign products, domestically produced electric spindles have large gaps in performance, variety and quality. Therefore, the current domestic high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tools and machining centers are still mainly used. Imported from abroad.
Is there a technical bottleneck in the production of electric spindle?
Is the localization rate of the electric spindle low due to technical reasons? Before answering this question, it is worthwhile to listen to the experts on how to analyze the technology needed to produce the electric spindle. Liang Xunyu, honorary chairman of the China Machine Tool Association, summarized the technology required for the production of electric spindles as “three and a half technologiesâ€: precision manufacturing technology, bearing technology, motor speed control technology, and motor technology. The electric spindle has higher requirements for the first three technologies, and for the fourth technology, since the electric spindle is not very demanding on the motor technology, only ordinary motor technology is required. Therefore, Liang Xunyi vividly Call it a half technology.
So, is the technical difficulty in producing electric spindles difficult? In this regard, the answer from the experts concerned is no. Zhou Yanyou, an electric spindle expert, pointed out that since the production of electric spindles is a combination of several technologies, enterprises with only a single technology cannot produce this product. For example, a general bearing factory or a motor factory does not have the production of an electric spindle. ability. But this does not mean that the technology required for the production of electric spindles is very high, and domestic manufacturers cannot achieve scale production. Zhou Yanyou’s view is: “The localization rate of electric spindles is low, and a large number of products are imported from abroad. This situation is not reasonable from a technical point of view.†Zhou Yanyou said that the electric spindle really needs comprehensive technology. But as long as a company has one of these technologies, it can produce electric spindles. Because products corresponding to other technologies are completely outsourced. For example, the bearing factory can purchase the motor, and the motor factory can also buy the bearing. This is the common practice of some world electric spindle manufacturers. The world's top electric spindle manufacturers do not have a full set of technology, they also outsource products or technology. From the technical point of view, the production of electric spindles requires the ability to accurately assemble and process. That is, all parts are outsourced, and the profits from the final product are not low. Especially in the case that the domestic labor force has a low price advantage, even if the parts are imported, the electric spindle produced after the assembly is completed should be at least one-third lower than the price of the imported electric spindle.
How to improve the localization of electric spindle
Since the production of electric spindles is a cross-industry process that requires multiple types of work and multiple technologies, it is an issue for experts to establish what type of enterprise can meet these needs.
At present, there are four types of functional parts manufacturers in China: “hospital typeâ€, enterprises developed by research institutes and universities and colleges with technical support; “main factory type†is gradually separated from the main engine factory to produce some kind of Functionally developed enterprises; “civil enterprise typeâ€, a large number of private enterprises emerging in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, mainly labor-intensive and single-type; “foreign joint venture or sole proprietorshipâ€, producing some high-level functional components , but the batch size is small, there is no independent development capability.
For the top three companies, the experts' views are different. Among the “garden-type†manufacturers, because of their relatively strong technical strength, they have been engaged in the industry for a long time. Once the transformation, technical problems can be solved by themselves, and only the system needs to be changed. As long as the system is suitable for market demand, the products produced by such companies will be very competitive. For example, the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute has repeatedly recommended that companies be separated from the institute to produce such products using the electric spindle technology they have mastered. As for the "main factory" enterprise, Zhong Hong analyzed that the production of electric spindles in foreign countries is generally divided into two types, one is produced by the supporting manufacturers, and the other is manufactured by a professional electric spindle manufacturer. Foreign OEMs generally do not produce electric spindles. Therefore, from this point of view, it is a trend for enterprises that specialize in producing electric spindles from domestic OEMs. The "civil enterprise" enterprises, experts believe that because their market eyes are sharp, the mechanism is flexible, especially the increasing number of machine tool users in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, providing opportunities for them to produce machine tool features, and also communicate with customers also have geographical aspects. These advantages give them an advantage in the production of electric spindles.
The localization of electric spindles is not only a concern of experts, but also highly valued by industry associations. Although it is estimated according to the domestic spindle development units, according to the current production capacity development rate, by 2005, China can only develop up to 2,000 sets of power spindle units. However, according to the demand of domestic CNC machine tools, the Machine Tool Industry Association has proposed to strengthen the development requirements for the production units of various functional components: the total output of electric spindle units for CNC machine tools reached 3,000 sets by 2005, and reached 10,000 by 2010. Sets. They said that they will organize human, material and financial resources reasonably and develop many good and good features.
"midfield" industry
The electric spindle specifically refers to a set of components, including the electric spindle itself and its accessories: electric spindle, high frequency frequency conversion device, oil mist lubricator, cooling device, built-in encoder, tool change device, and the like. The technical level of the electric spindle, the performance of the performance and the overall social support level, directly determine and affect the technical level and performance of the CNC machine tool, but also restrict the development speed of the host. International high-performance, high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tools generally use electric spindle units. In multi-joint composite machining machines, multi-axis linkage polyhedron machining machines, parallel machine tools and flexible machining units, electric spindles have the irreplaceable superiority of mechanical spindles.
The price of electric spindles ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and it accounts for a certain proportion in the cost structure of machine tools. The quality, performance and level of the electric spindle largely determine the quality, performance and level of the whole machine. For this reason, Japanese scholars collectively refer to the functional component industry including the electric spindle as the "midfield" industry, taking its football. The meaning of the term "midfield" is to indicate that it is in the "midfield" position in the industrial chain from raw materials to the whole machine. Another meaning is that whether it can control the "midfield".
The role of the electric spindle in CNC machine tools is becoming more and more important, mainly because the spindle speed required by the current machining process is getting higher and higher, so the high speed is increasingly becoming a measure of a product level. Whoever used the higher speed spindle first, who has a hard card in the fierce competition. Therefore, the development trend of electric spindles is to replace the traditional spindles produced by various machine tool manufacturers with high-quality electric spindles produced by professional manufacturers, thereby improving the rotational speed of CNC machine tools and strengthening the competitiveness of CNC machine tools.
Domestic electric spindles rely heavily on imports
China's machine tool industry has a large demand for electric spindles, and it has an increasing trend year by year. This is mainly determined by 2 points. First, the demand for electric spindles in domestic machine tools is more than 6,000 a year. According to preliminary statistics, in 2003, the annual demand for various types of electric spindles in China was about 6,000. Among them, there were only about 1,000 electric spindles for CNC machine tools, and about 60% were imported electric spindles. According to Zhong Hong, secretary general of the Spindle Functional Components Committee, the current domestic production capacity of electric spindles is about 2,400 sets, while the domestic demand is 8,000 sets, so the supply and demand gap is nearly 6,000 sets. With an average price of 80,000 yuan per set, the import value will reach 400 million yuan. Second, according to the “10·5†development plan of the machine tool industry, by 2005, the output of CNC machine tools in China will reach 60,000 units, and the proportion of CNC machine tools using electric spindles will increase from 2% to about 10%. It is estimated that by 2005, the number of electric spindles for CNC machine tools will surge to 6,000, accounting for about 50% of the total demand for electric spindles. It will become the main force in the electric spindle market instead of the market position of electric spindles.
Faced with such a large demand for electric spindles, the production of domestic electric spindles has not kept up. This is not because the development of China's electric spindles is slow. In fact, as early as the 1950s, China's bearing industry has begun to study the production of electric spindles. At present, the production of domestic electric spindles is most famous for the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute. It has produced electric spindles for internal hole grinding for more than 40 years. In recent years, the machining center, high-speed milling machine and lathe electric spindle have been developed and put into use with domestic high-speed machine tools and domestic parallel machine tools. So far, it has developed into 15 series, more than 100 varieties, with power ranging from 0.2 to 75 kW and a maximum speed of 150,000 r/min.
The reason why domestic electric spindles rely heavily on imports is that the quality of domestic electric spindles is not guaranteed, except for the fact that the output has not kept up. At present, China has developed a spindle with a spindle power of 2.5 kW to 29 kW and a torque of 4 to 86 N.m, which can be applied to CNC machine tools and machining centers, and has been equipped with some domestic CNC machine tools. However, in general, compared with foreign products, domestically produced electric spindles have large gaps in performance, variety and quality. Therefore, the current domestic high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tools and machining centers are still mainly used. Imported from abroad.
Is there a technical bottleneck in the production of electric spindle?
Is the localization rate of the electric spindle low due to technical reasons? Before answering this question, it is worthwhile to listen to the experts on how to analyze the technology needed to produce the electric spindle. Liang Xunyu, honorary chairman of the China Machine Tool Association, summarized the technology required for the production of electric spindles as “three and a half technologiesâ€: precision manufacturing technology, bearing technology, motor speed control technology, and motor technology. The electric spindle has higher requirements for the first three technologies, and for the fourth technology, since the electric spindle is not very demanding on the motor technology, only ordinary motor technology is required. Therefore, Liang Xunyi vividly Call it a half technology.
So, is the technical difficulty in producing electric spindles difficult? In this regard, the answer from the experts concerned is no. Zhou Yanyou, an electric spindle expert, pointed out that since the production of electric spindles is a combination of several technologies, enterprises with only a single technology cannot produce this product. For example, a general bearing factory or a motor factory does not have the production of an electric spindle. ability. But this does not mean that the technology required for the production of electric spindles is very high, and domestic manufacturers cannot achieve scale production. Zhou Yanyou’s view is: “The localization rate of electric spindles is low, and a large number of products are imported from abroad. This situation is not reasonable from a technical point of view.†Zhou Yanyou said that the electric spindle really needs comprehensive technology. But as long as a company has one of these technologies, it can produce electric spindles. Because products corresponding to other technologies are completely outsourced. For example, the bearing factory can purchase the motor, and the motor factory can also buy the bearing. This is the common practice of some world electric spindle manufacturers. The world's top electric spindle manufacturers do not have a full set of technology, they also outsource products or technology. From the technical point of view, the production of electric spindles requires the ability to accurately assemble and process. That is, all parts are outsourced, and the profits from the final product are not low. Especially in the case that the domestic labor force has a low price advantage, even if the parts are imported, the electric spindle produced after the assembly is completed should be at least one-third lower than the price of the imported electric spindle.
How to improve the localization of electric spindle
Since the production of electric spindles is a cross-industry process that requires multiple types of work and multiple technologies, it is an issue for experts to establish what type of enterprise can meet these needs.
At present, there are four types of functional parts manufacturers in China: “hospital typeâ€, enterprises developed by research institutes and universities and colleges with technical support; “main factory type†is gradually separated from the main engine factory to produce some kind of Functionally developed enterprises; “civil enterprise typeâ€, a large number of private enterprises emerging in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, mainly labor-intensive and single-type; “foreign joint venture or sole proprietorshipâ€, producing some high-level functional components , but the batch size is small, there is no independent development capability.
For the top three companies, the experts' views are different. Among the “garden-type†manufacturers, because of their relatively strong technical strength, they have been engaged in the industry for a long time. Once the transformation, technical problems can be solved by themselves, and only the system needs to be changed. As long as the system is suitable for market demand, the products produced by such companies will be very competitive. For example, the Luoyang Bearing Research Institute has repeatedly recommended that companies be separated from the institute to produce such products using the electric spindle technology they have mastered. As for the "main factory" enterprise, Zhong Hong analyzed that the production of electric spindles in foreign countries is generally divided into two types, one is produced by the supporting manufacturers, and the other is manufactured by a professional electric spindle manufacturer. Foreign OEMs generally do not produce electric spindles. Therefore, from this point of view, it is a trend for enterprises that specialize in producing electric spindles from domestic OEMs. The "civil enterprise" enterprises, experts believe that because their market eyes are sharp, the mechanism is flexible, especially the increasing number of machine tool users in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, providing opportunities for them to produce machine tool features, and also communicate with customers also have geographical aspects. These advantages give them an advantage in the production of electric spindles.
The localization of electric spindles is not only a concern of experts, but also highly valued by industry associations. Although it is estimated according to the domestic spindle development units, according to the current production capacity development rate, by 2005, China can only develop up to 2,000 sets of power spindle units. However, according to the demand of domestic CNC machine tools, the Machine Tool Industry Association has proposed to strengthen the development requirements for the production units of various functional components: the total output of electric spindle units for CNC machine tools reached 3,000 sets by 2005, and reached 10,000 by 2010. Sets. They said that they will organize human, material and financial resources reasonably and develop many good and good features.
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