With the development of modern manufacturing production methods, production equipment is developing in a flexible, multi-functional, and networked direction. It hopes that the functions of the controller will be reconfigured, modified, expanded, modified, and even regenerated, thus generating controllers. The "open" requirement. Controller manufacturers expect open controllers to have higher performance-to-price ratios and increased product competitiveness. The integration of manufacturing information and the decentralization of production systems have also facilitated the opening of controllers. The ever-changing Internet technology has laid the material foundation for the opening of controllers. The open architecture CNC research began in 1987 with the US Government-funded Next Generation Controller (NGC) project. The purpose is to implement the "SOSAS (Specification for an Open System Architecture Standard)" based on interoperable and hierarchical software modules. In 1994, the three major auto companies, Chrysler Corp, Ford Motor and General Motors POwertrain Group, proposed the OMAC (Open Modular Architecture Controllers) program, which aims to reduce the investment cost and maintenance cost of the controller, improve the utilization of the machine tool, and provide hardware and software. The module's “plug and play†and efficient controller reconfiguration mechanism shortens the product development cycle, making the system easy to update, keeping up with the development of new technologies and adapting to changes in demand.
The European Union organized the OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems) project in 1992 with the goal of an open control system architecture in an automated system. The project was hosted by the ISW Institute of the University of Stuttgart, Germany, and together with research structures, universities and manufacturers in 11 countries including Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Britain and Spain, invested 11.4 million euros, which lasted 4 years, in 1996. End. The ideal of the OSACA model is to build a system of freely combinable modules on a standard platform, which is the most ideal model for many open controller research projects. Now, major CNC manufacturers in Europe such as SIEMENS, BOSCH, NUM, FAGOR, etc. are developing open CNC systems that comply with OSACA standards.
In 1995, Japan established the OSE Association by machine tool manufacturers and information and electronics companies to conduct research called OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller Architecture). The project is carried out in two steps. The first step is the study of “OSEC-I Designâ€. The central issue of the discussion is the meaning and direction of the open controller. The FADL language is proposed. The essence is to establish a kind of company support. Neutral language, this neutral language is used as the interface between the user and the controller. The second step is the "OSEC-II Design" study, which aims to achieve a highly completed architecture that can be physically installed. In OSEC-II, the FADL language is further developed into the OSEL language, which is a new NC language with reusable features in the form of software packages accumulated by end users and machine manufacturers.
The main task of these research projects is to develop an architectural standard specification for open CNC systems, so that with the support of such standards, developers can develop component modules with interchangeability and interoperability through standardized interfaces. The module modules provided by different manufacturers can be combined into the required numerical control system.
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