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Knowledge of Rolling Bearings--- Bearing Acquisition Knowledge

Source: Bearing network time: 2017-11-07

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The basic layout of the first section of the rolling bearing is a rolling bearing based on the sliding bearing; the working principle is to replace the sliding friction with the rolling friction; usually the ferrule; the versatility of a set of rolling elements and a cage Strong, standardized, highly serialized mechanical roots. Because various machines have different working conditions; there are different requirements for the rolling bearings in terms of load capacity, layout and function. Rolling bearings need to have a general layout. However, the most basic layout is composed of inner ring, outer ring, rolling body and cage.
The role of various parts in the bearing is:
Regarding the radial bearing; the inner ring usually cooperates with the shaft; and works with the shaft; the outer ring usually cooperates with the bearing seat or the mechanical housing hole; it plays a supporting role; but in some cases; there is also an outer ring operation The inner ring is fixed to support the bearing or the inner ring and the outer ring are all working together. About the thrust bearing; the shaft ring which cooperates with the shaft and moves together; and cooperates with the bearing seat or the mechanical housing hole to support and support The race. The roll (steel ball, roller or needle) is usually placed between the two rings by means of a cage for rolling motion; its shape, size and quantity directly affect the load of the bearing. And the use of functions. The cage can not evenly separate the roll body from the gap; it can also guide the rotation of the roll body and improve the smooth function inside the bearing.
Section 2 Classification of Rolling Bearings
1. Classified by rollover bearing layout type
(1) Bearings are not the same as the acceptable load direction or nominal touch angle;
a radial bearing----first for rolling bearings with radial load; its nominal touch angle is from 0 to 45. It is different according to the nominal touch angle; it is divided into: radial touch bearing----nominal touch angle The radial bearing of 0: the centripetal angle touch bearing----the radial bearing with the nominal touch angle greater than 0 to 45.
b Thrust bearing----first for rolling bearings that accept axial load; its nominal touch angle is greater than 45 to 90. According to the nominal touch angle, it is divided into: Axial touch bearing----Nominal touch angle is 90 Thrust bearing: Thrust angle touch bearing----the thrust bearing with a nominal touch angle greater than 45 but less than 90.
(2) Bearings according to the type of their roll; divided into:
a Ball bearing----roller is the ball:
b Roller bearing----roller is roller. Roller bearing is according to roller type; it is divided into: Cylindrical roller bearing----roller is a cylindrical roller bearing; length and diameter of cylindrical roller The ratio is less than or equal to 3, the needle bearing----roller is the needle bearing; the ratio of the length to the diameter of the needle is greater than 3; but the diameter is less than or equal to 5mm; Tapered roller bearing----roller It is a bearing of tapered roller; spherical roller bearing one by one rolling body is a spherical roller bearing.
(3) Bearings can be adjusted according to their operation, and are divided into:
a self-aligning bearing----the raceway is a spherical shape, which can be used to the angular error and angular movement between the two raceways;
b Non-aligning bearings (rigid bearings)----bearings that can offset the axial angle deviation between the raceways.
(4) Bearings are divided into:
a single row bearing----bearing with one row of rolling elements;
b double row bearing----bearing with two rows of rolling bodies;
c Multi-row bearings----bearings with more than two rows of rolling elements, such as three-row, four-row bearings.
(5) Bearings can be separated according to their components, divided into:
a can be separated from the bearing----with bearings that can be separated from the parts,
b Do not leave the bearing ---- bearing after the end of the matching, the ferrule can not be free to separate bearings.
(6) Bearings can be divided into various layout types according to their layout shape (if there is no filling groove, whether there are inner and outer rings and the shape of the ferrule, the layout of the ribs, or even the cage).
2. According to the scale of the rolling bearing, the bearing is classified according to its outer diameter scale.
(1) Miniature bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 26 mm or less;
(2) Small bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 28-55mm;
(3) Small and medium-sized bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 60-115mm;
(4) Medium and large-sized bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 120-190mm
(5) Large bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 200-430mm;
(6) Extra large bearings----bearings with a nominal outer diameter scale of 440mm or more.
The basic production process of the third section of the rolling bearing is different because of the type of rolling bearing, the layout type, the public service level, the skill requirement, the material and the batch, etc., and the basic production process is not completely the same.
First, the processing of the primary parts of various bearings:
1. The processing of the ferrule: The processing of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing differs depending on the raw material or the blank method. The process before the machining can be divided into the following three types. The whole processing process is: bar or Pipe material (some bars need to be cast and annealed, normalized)----Car processing----heat treatment----grinding----finishing or polishing----final inspection of parts- ---Anti-rust----Warehousing----(To be installed)
2. The processing process of the steel ball, the processing of the steel ball is different depending on the condition of the raw material, and the process before the frustration or the light ball can be divided into the following three types, and the process before the heat treatment can be divided into The following two processes; the whole processing process is: bar or wire cold-punching (some bars need to be punched and annealed after cold-shrinking)----frustration, rough grinding, soft grinding or light ball--- -Heat disposal----hard grinding----fine grinding----finishing or grinding----final inspection group----rust prevention, packaging----into the warehouse <to be assembled).
3. Roller processing The processing of the roller varies depending on the raw material. The process before the heat treatment can be divided into the following two types. The whole processing process is as follows: bar processing or wire cold rolling after the string Belt and soft grinding----heat treatment----string soft point----rough grinding outer diameter----grinding end surface----finishing end surface----fine grinding outer diameter---- Final grinding outer diameter----final inspection group----rust prevention, packaging----into the warehouse (to be installed).
4. The processing progress of the cage process cage is different according to the layout and raw materials, and can be divided into the following two categories:
(1) Sheet â†’ shear â†’ punching â†’ stamping forming â†’ shaping and finishing â†’ pickling or shot peening or stringing â†’ final inspection â†’ rust prevention, packaging â†’ storage (to be installed)
(2) Processing process of solid cage: The processing of solid cage is different depending on the raw materials or the gross damage. Before the machining, it can be divided into the following four blank types. The whole processing process is: Material, pipe material, forgings, castings----car inner diameter, outer diameter, end face, chamfering----drilling (or pulling holes, boring)----pickling----final inspection-- --Anti-rust, packaging----into the warehouse.
Second, the installation process of the rolling bearing:
Rolling bearing parts such as inner ring, outer ring, roll body and cage, etc., after passing the inspection, enter the installation workshop for installation, the process is as follows:
Parts demagnetization, cleaning â†’ internal and external rolling <ditch> road scale grouping â†’ joint set â†’ view clearance â†’ riveting cage â†’ final inspection â†’ demagnetization, removal â†’ rust prevention, packaging â†’ into the product warehouse (boxing, shipping ã€‰.
The characteristics of the fourth section of the rolling bearing compared with the sliding bearing, has the following advantages:
1. The friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is smaller than that of the sliding bearing, and the transmission efficiency is high. Generally, the friction coefficient of the sliding bearing is 0. 08-0. 12, and the friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is only 0. 001-0. 005;
2. The rolling bearing has been standardized, serialized and generalized, suitable for mass production and supply; it is very convenient to use and repair.
3. The tumbling bearing is made of bearing steel and is heat treated. Therefore, the tumbling bearing not only has high mechanical function and long service life, but also can save the relatively expensive non-ferrous metal used for manufacturing the sliding bearing;
4. The internal clearance of the rolling bearing is small, the machining precision of each part is high, and therefore the working precision is high. Together with the preloading method, the rigidity of the bearing can be added. This is very important for precision machinery;
5. Some tumbling bearings can accept both radial and axial loads, thus simplifying the layout of the bearing support;
6. Because the rolling bearing has high transmission efficiency and low heat generation, it can reduce the consumption of smooth oil, and the smooth protection is more labor-saving;
7. Rolling bearings can be conveniently used on uranium in any orientation in space.
However, all things are divided into two, rolling bearings also have certain defects, the first is:
1. The bearing of the rolling bearing is much smaller than the bearing of the same volume. Therefore, the radial dimension of the rolling bearing is large. Therefore, in the case of accepting a large load and the case where the radial dimension is small and the layout demand is compact, such as the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Bearing), more choice of sliding bearings,
2. The rolling bearing has large oscillation and noise, and the uniqueness is particularly obvious in the later stage of operation. Therefore, in the occasion where the precision is high and the oscillation is not allowed, the rolling bearing is difficult to perform, and the sliding bearing is generally better.
3. The rolling bearing is uniquely sensitive to foreign objects such as metal chips. Once the foreign matter enters the bearing, it will cause intermittent large oscillations and noise, which will also cause early damage. In addition, the rolling bearing may be susceptible to early damage due to metal clip impurities. Sex. Even if there is no early damage, the life of the rolling bearing has a certain limit. In general, the life of the rolling bearing is shorter than that of the sliding bearing.
However, the rolling bearing is superior to the sliding bearing, each has its own advantages, and each has its own suitable application. Therefore, the two cannot be completely replaced with each other, and each of them is carried out in a certain direction, expanding the scope of the individual. However, because of the rolling bearing Outstanding strengths, there is a trend of latecomers. At present, rolling bearings have been developed into the primary support type of machinery, and the use is becoming more and more extensive.

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